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Original research article
- Effects of crop rotation and organic amendments on carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions in greenhouse organic leafy vegetable production
- Bomi Kim, Eun-Ho Lee, Sang-Min Lee, Deok-Hoon Yoon
- Greenhouse organic leafy vegetable production systems play an increasingly important role in supplying fresh produce but are characterized by intensive soil and …
- Greenhouse organic leafy vegetable production systems play an increasingly important role in supplying fresh produce but are characterized by intensive soil and nutrient management that can accelerate soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Management practices that simultaneously enhance SOC sequestration and mitigate GHG emissions are therefore needed to improve the sustainability of these systems. This study investigated the effects of crop rotation and organic amendments on SOC dynamics and GHG emissions in greenhouse-based organic leafy vegetable production. Field experiments compared repeated-cultivation of mustard greens (RC) with a crop-rotation system of spinach-hairy vetch-mustard greens (CR), combined with three organic inputs: animal compost (AC), organic fertilizer (OrF), and biochar (BC). SOC accumulation was higher under crop rotation, particularly in the CR-OrF treatment, where SOC increased by approximately 30.5 Mg C ha-1. Although biochar improved SOC storage, it also caused the highest CO2 emissions and global warming potential (GWP), mainly due to a priming effect that stimulated microbial respiration. While absolute SOC levels remained higher in RC plots, SOC increase rates were significantly greater under CR plots (p < 0.05), indicating stronger long-term sequestration potential under rotational systems. Overall, crop rotation combined with organic fertilizer enhanced carbon sequestration but also led to short-term increases in CO2 and N2O emissions. These findings suggest that rotational cropping with optimized nutrient management can support long-term carbon storage in Korean greenhouse farming systems; however, short-term mitigation of GHG emissions should accompany carbon-focused management. Crop rotation with organic fertilizer (CR–OrF) produced the largest gain in SOC stock (ΔSOC ≈ 30.5 Mg C ha-1) but also the greatest increase in total GWP among treatments. - COLLAPSE
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Original research article
- Evaluation of climate change impacts on soil loss in Saemangeum reclaimed coastal farmlands of Korea using the APEX model
- Ye-Jun Lee, Won-Ho Nam, Seong-Gyu Park, Jin-Hyeob Kwak, Kwang-Seung Lee
- This study evaluated the impacts of climate change on soil loss in the reclaimed coastal farmlands of South Korea using the Agricultural …
- This study evaluated the impacts of climate change on soil loss in the reclaimed coastal farmlands of South Korea using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model coupled with CMIP6-based multi-model ensemble (MME) climate projections. Two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SSP1-2.6 (low-emission) and SSP5-8.5 (high-emission), were analyzed for the near-future (2041 - 2070) and far-future (2071 - 2100) periods. Slope conditions were represented by three field treatments (0°, 3°, and 5°) established in large-scale reclaimed plots (40 × 45 m). To capture within-plot hydrologic variability and support slope-specific model calibration, soil water content was monitored at upper, middle, and lower sections for the 3° and 5° plots. The model demonstrated reliable performance, yielding coefficient of determination (R2) values exceeding 0.5 across all slope conditions. Simulation results indicated that average soil loss increased with slope gradient and was substantially exacerbated under the high-emission scenario. Under SSP1-2.6, the mean annual soil loss for the 5° slope increased by 49.7%, from 1.49 t ha-1 yr-1 (2041 - 2070) to 2.23 t ha-1 yr-1 (2071 - 2100). Under SSP5-8.5, the same slope exhibited a 72.0% surge, rising from 1.51 to 2.59 t ha-1 yr-1. Notably, even in flat areas (0°), soil loss increased by 22 - 44% depending on the scenario. The majority of this erosion was concentrated during the summer months (July - August), driven by intensified monsoon rainfall. These results underscore the increasing vulnerability of reclaimed coastal farmlands to long-term climate change. Ultimately, this study provides quantitative evidence to support targeted policies for sustaining soil productivity, improving field drainage, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of coastal agricultural lands. The figure shows that simulated soil loss was concentrated during July–August and increased under SSP5-8.5, particularly on 5° slopes, highlighting slope-specific erosion control in reclaimed coastal farmlands. - COLLAPSE
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Original research article
- Calibration of an FDR soil moisture sensor accounting for organic matter and andic properties in Jeju volcanic ash soils
- Chol Jun Yang, Hosung Lee, Won-Pyo Park
- Dielectric sensors are calibrated using soils of various types, but default factory calibration functions may not be valid under all conditions. Soils …
- Dielectric sensors are calibrated using soils of various types, but default factory calibration functions may not be valid under all conditions. Soils with high soil organic matter (SOM) content and volcanic ash soils often require soil-specific calibration to achieve acceptable accuracy. This study was aimed to developed and evaluated practical calibration methods for the TEROS 12 FDR (frequency domain reflectometry) soil moisture sensor using 39 soil samples from Jeju Island, covering a wide range of SOM (10 - 300 g kg-1) and contrasting andic properties. During controlled drying of repacked soils in containers at field bulk density, raw sensor counts were measured twice daily and paired with gravimetrically determined reference volumetric water content (θref). We compared the factory calibration equation (FCE) with the OM-group (OMCE) and integrated (ICE) calibration equations using bias and soil-level RMSE. The FCE exhibited moisture-dependent bias, overestimating θref under dry conditions and underestimating at medium to high moisture, with greater variability in high SOM soils and Andisols. Across all soils, RMSE decreased from 0.067 m3 m-3 (FCE) to 0.048 m3 m-3 (OMCE; 28.0% reduction) and 0.047 m3 m-3 (ICE; 29.8% reduction). OMCE performed best at low moisture, whereas ICE most effectively reduced errors in Andisols under high moisture. In Jeju volcanic soils, OMCE provides a practical option when SOM information is available, whereas ICE offers a robust general calibration for soils with mixed andic properties, improving the reliability of TEROS 12-based moisture monitoring. OM-group and integrated calibration equations improved TEROS 12 soil moisture sensor accuracy in Jeju volcanic ash soils relative to the factory calibration. - COLLAPSE
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Original research article
- Effects of surface water aeration on methane emissions and rice productivity in a paddy soil during cultivation
- Gayeon Jang, Myeongjae Hong, Sohee Yoon, Rak Myeong Jeong, Sang Yoon Kim
- Rice paddies are a major source of methane (CH4) emissions, necessitating the development of novel mitigation strategies during cultivation. Surface …
- Rice paddies are a major source of methane (CH4) emissions, necessitating the development of novel mitigation strategies during cultivation. Surface water aeration (SWA) can increase oxygenation in flooded water, potentially reducing CH4 emissions in paddy systems. However, its efficacy remains unclear. In this pot experiment, different levels of aeration - specifically, none (control, without air supply), low (air supply via a single line) and high (air supply via double lines) - were applied using an air supply device. These treatments were evaluated in the presence (OM) or absence (NOM) of rice straw as an organic amendment to investigate their effects on CH4 emissions and rice productivity. Dissolved CH4 and oxygen concentrations in surface water were periodically monitored to decipher the factors influencing CH4 dynamics. Regardless of organic matter incorporation, SWA partially reduced CH4 emissions, particularly during the initial period (ca. 3 - 4 weeks), resulting in 22 - 32% and 5 - 7% reductions compared to the control under NOM and OM treatments, respectively. However, SWA did not significantly reduce cumulative CH4 emissions over the entire cultivation period, likely due to enhanced organic matter decomposition stimulated by increased aeration. Interestingly, dissolved CH4 concentrations were significantly reduced by aeration in both the OM and NOM treatments, which could be attributed to increased ebullition from the surface water. Furthermore, SWA deteriorated rice productivity. In conclusion, SWA showed negligible effects on overall CH4 mitigation while reducing rice productivity. This study suggests that SWA is not a feasible strategy for CH4 mitigation, highlighting the need for alternative approaches that can optimize oxygen levels within the soil profile without hindering plant growth. SWA was not feasible to mitigate CH4 fluxes in a rice paddy during cultivation. - COLLAPSE
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Original research article
- Evaluation of Natural Rock Powder as a Potassium Source for Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivation
- Jinhwan Park, Taehee Baek, Namhee Yi, Hyunmin Lee, Mina Lee, Young A Oh, Dong Ryul Lee, Kwon-Rae Kim
- This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of natural rock powder (NRP), derived from potassium (K) feldspar, as an eco-friendly K …
- This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of natural rock powder (NRP), derived from potassium (K) feldspar, as an eco-friendly K fertilizer for onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivation under vinyl mulching conditions. The experimental design included a mineral fertilizer control and various NRP treatments (standard rate, double rate, micro-particles, and foliar application). The results showed no significant differences in onion fresh weight or bulb diameter across all treatments, suggesting that NRP can support basic crop growth. However, the K content in plant tissues was lower in NRP-treated plots compared to the control, with significant reductions observed in the NRP-2 and NRP-MP groups. This lower K uptake is attributed to the low solubility of NRP and its tendency to remain on the mulch surface during top-dressing, which limits nutrient penetration into the soil. Lab-scale elution tests confirmed that the control released approximately twice as much cumulative K as the NRP treatments, although Si release was comparable due to the mineral composition of the raw material. While NRP shows promise as a sustainable K source, enhancing its solubility through formulation improvements or specialized application methods is essential to optimize its efficacy in plastic-mulched cropping systems. Shoot and bulb fresh weights and K concentrations of onion under different fertilizer treatments (NRP: natural rock powder). Differences among treatments were tested using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test at p < 0.05. - COLLAPSE
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Opinion
- Biochar loss from rice paddies: A bottomless pit for carbon sequestration?
- Nuri Baek, Se-In Lee, Husna Israt Pia, Seo-Woo Park, Eun-Seo Shin, Tae-Yeon Lee, Han-Yong Kim, Woo-Jung Choi
- The application of biochar (BC) in rice paddies holds great potential for sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the efficiency …
- The application of biochar (BC) in rice paddies holds great potential for sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the efficiency of BC in enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) may be lower than expected due to potential BC loss. In this study, we propose several mechanisms and pathways of potential BC loss, including wind erosion during application, water erosion post-application, the downward migration of fine BC particles following physical disintegration, and microbial mineralization to CO2. Despite these potential pathways, our understanding of the fate of applied BC in rice fields remains limited. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate BC dynamics under actual rice cultivation conditions. We suggest that using 13C-labeled BC is the most feasible approach for tracing its fate. Furthermore, to mitigate BC loss via wind and water erosion, it is necessary to increase the sedimentation of BC by modifying its pore structure, thereby increasing its envelope density. Possible mechanisms and pathways of biochar losses in rice paddies. - COLLAPSE
Journal Informaiton
Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer
한국토양비료학회
Room 313, National Institute of Agricultural Science, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea, 55365
Tel: +82-63-226-7335 / Fax: +82-63-226-7335 / E-mail: ksssf733@naver.com Copyright© Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer. Powered by APUB
Tel: +82-63-226-7335 / Fax: +82-63-226-7335 / E-mail: ksssf733@naver.com Copyright© Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer. Powered by APUB
