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2025 Vol.58, Issue 3 Preview Page

Original research article

Distribution of soil microbial communities across agricultural land-Use types in Gyeong-buk Province
Jeung-Woo Ko1*
,
Ji Won Kim1
,
Hyong-Rack Sohn1
,
San-Yeong Kim2
,
Jung-Gi Ryu2
1Researcher, Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Daegu 41404, Korea
2Senior Researcher, Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Daegu 41404, Korea
*Corresponding Author
31 August 2025. pp. 357-368
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Abstract

Soil microbial communities can vary greatly in their diversity and composition depending on land-use type, but there has been little research comparing different agricultural land-use types in Korea. This study evaluated the impact of different agricultural land-use types (paddy, upland, orchard, and greenhouse) on soil microbial communities in Gyeong-buk Province, South Korea. A total of 100 soil samples were collected and subjected to DNA sequencing targeting bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS regions to assess microbial richness, diversity, and community composition. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that bacterial richness (Chao1, ACE) was higher in uplands and orchards, while paddy soils showed the highest bacterial and fungal diversity (Shannon, Inverse Simpson), indicating more balanced microbial communities. In contrast, greenhouses exhibited the lowest richness and evenness for both bacteria and fungi, likely due to intensive agricultural practices. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) demonstrated distinct microbial community structures across land-use types, with bacterial communities showing clearer separation. PERMANOVA confirmed significant differences in community composition (bacteria R2 = 0.732; fungi R2 = 0.399; p < 0.001). At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria dominated bacterial communities, while Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota were predominant in fungi. These patterns reflect the influence of soil moisture, organic matter, and management practices on microbial structure. These results provide clear evidence that land-use type affects soil microbial diversity and composition.

Diversity indices of soil microbial communities across agricultural land-use types in Gyeong buk Province.
Land-use Richness index Diversity index Evenness index
Chao1 Ace Shannon Inverse Simpson Shannon Evenness Simpson Evenness
Bacteria1
Upland 4,935 ± 1,081 a 5,114 ± 1,099 a 6.7 ± 0.45 a 234.3 ± 104.56 b 0.81 ± 0.037 b 0.06 ± 0.020 b
Orchard 4,693 ± 916 a 5,284 ± 1,127 a 6.6 ± 0.59 a 185.9 ± 89.88 b 0.82 ± 0.059 b 0.06 ± 0.025 b
Paddy 4,064 ± 820 b 5,158 ± 1,077 a 6.8 ± 0.40 a 309.9 ± 76.61 a 0.87 ± 0.008 a 0.13 ± 0.026 a
Greenhouse 3,018 ± 797 c 3,213 ± 855 b 5.8 ± 0.71 b 92.6 ± 77.23 c 0.75 ± 0.070 c 0.04 ± 0.026 c
Fungi2
Upland 507 ± 80 c 501 ± 77 c 3.8 ± 0.49 b 19.5 ± 9.39 a 0.61 ± 0.074 a 0.04 ± 0.022 a
Orchard 750 ± 252 b 810 ± 271 b 3.7 ± 0.64 b 15.9 ± 9.68 ab 0.59 ± 0.070 ab 0.03 ± 0.011 b
Paddy 967 ± 157 a 987 ± 163 a 4.1 ± 0.34 a 19.2 ± 9.59 a 0.62 ± 0.045 a 0.03 ± 0.012 b
Greenhouse 527 ± 213 c 574 ± 214 c 3.2 ± 0.85 c 12.8 ± 9.99 b 0.54 ± 0.111 b 0.03 ± 0.022 ab

Values with differ letters are significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at p < 0.05.

1Data for bacterial community analysis,

2Data for fungal community analysis.

Diversity indices of soil microbial communities across agricultural land-use types in Gyeong buk Province.

Keywords
Land-use types
Microbial diversity
Microorganisms
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국토양비료학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국토양비료학회 학회지
  • Volume : 58
  • No :3
  • Pages :357-368
  • Received Date : 2025-07-31
  • Revised Date : 2025-08-18
  • Accepted Date : 2025-08-19
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2025.58.3.357
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