All Issue

2022 Vol.55, Issue 3

Original research article

Effect of Rice Hull-Derived Biochar Application on Watermelon Growth, and Soil Physico-chemical Properties under Greenhouse
Young-Sang Kim1*
,
Ki-Hyun Kim1
,
Jong-Woo Han1
,
Taek-Gu Jeong2
,
Min-Ja Kim2
,
In-Jae Kim2
1Researcher, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Chungju 28130, Korea
2Senior Researcher, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Chungju 28130, Korea
*Corresponding Author
31 August 2022. pp. 175-184
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Biochar is a solid substance made by carbonizing biomass. Biochar can be added to the soil and used as a soil conditioner to improve the function of the soil. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rice hull-derived biochar application on the growth, yield and soil physico-chemical properties of the watermelon cultivated under greenhouse. Rice hull-derived biochar was tested with 0 (no treatment), 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 kg per ha levels. Among the growth characteristics of watermelon harvest season, rice hull-derived biochar application thickened stem diameter and increased fresh weight. The weight of watermelon was the heaviest in 2,000 kg ha-1 rice hull-derived biochar application, and the sugar content of watermelon was 0.3 - 0.4°Brix higher than that of control 11.5°Brix. The watermelon yield was the highest at 52,990 kg ha-1 in 2,000 kg ha-1 rice hull-derived biochar application, which was higher than that of control. Changes in soil chemical properties of rice hull-derived biochar application were increased with pH, exchangeable K, Ca and Mg, but available phosphate acid was decreased. The bulk density decreased and the porosity increased with the rice hull-derived biochar application. These results suggest that the rice hull-derived biochar application to the watermelon cultivation area could improve the productivity of watermelon by improving the physico-chemical properties of watermelon cultivation area.

Watermelon yield component and sugar content according to rice hull-derived biochar application.
Treatments (kg ha-1) Fruit weight (kg ea-1) Fruit length (cm) Fruit width (cm) Fruit thickness (cm) Sugar content (°Brix)
0 7.9 c† 28.6 b 23.9 b 1.0 a 11.6 b
1,000 8.3 b 29.1 a 24.5 a 1.1 a 12.0 a
2,000 8.6 a 29.2 a 24.5 a 1.1 a 12.0 a
4,000 8.3 b 28.7 b 24.3 ab 1.0 a 11.9 a

†Values within columns having the same letters are not significantly different at the 0.05 as determined by DMRT.

Keywords
Rice hull-derived biochar
Soil physico-chemical properties
Watermelon
References
1
Akira, M.G. 1998. The effect of charcoal on the movement of solutes in the soil. p. 71-75. In Proceedings of the Mokpo University Symposium, Mokpo, Korea.
2
Arami-Niya, A., F. Abnisa, M.S. Shafeeyan, W.M.A. Wan Daud, and J.N. Sahu. 2012. Optimization of synthesis and characterization of palm shell-based bio-char as a by-product of bio-oil production process. Bioresources 7:246-264.
3
Chand, R., T. Watari, K. Inoue, H. Kawakita, H.N. Luitel, D. Parajuli, T. Torikai, and M. Yada. 2009. Selective adsorption of precious metals from hydrochloric acid solutions using porous carbon prepared from barley straw and rice husk. Miner. Eng. 22:1277-1282. 10.1016/j.mineng.2009.07.007
4
Chen, K., J. Peng, J. Li, Q. Yang, X. Zhan, N. Liu, and X. Han. 2020. Stabilization of soil aggregate and organic matter under the application of three organic resources and biochar-based compound fertilizer. J. Soils Sediments 20(10):3633-3643. 10.1007/s11368-020-02693-1
5
Epstein, E. 1994. The anomaly of silicon in plant biology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91:11-17. 10.1073/pnas.91.1.1111607449PMC42876
6
Hong, S.D. 1993. Application of carbonized rice hull as growth medium for vegetable crops in polyethylene film house: Effect of mixing with gravel and of a different kinds and concentrations of nutrition solution on the growth of several vegetable crops. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 26:93-102.
7
Hong, S.K., M.S. Kim, and T.S. Lee. 1992. Research on carbon application method in ginseng cultivated land: A study on the use of wood carbide components (final research report III). p. 65-82. Ministry of Science and Technology, Suwon, Korea.
8
Jang, J.E., G.J. Lim, J.S. Park, J.M. Shim, C.S. Kang, and S.S. Hong. 2018. Application effects of biochar derived from pruned stems of pear tree on growth of crops and soil physico-chemical properties. J. Korea Org. Resour. Recycl. Assoc. 26:11-19.
9
Jeon, W.T., K.Y. Seong, J.K. Lee, I.S. Oh, Y.H. Lee, and Y.S. Ok. 2010. Effects of green manure and carbonized rice husk on soil properties and rice growth. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43:484-489.
10
Kang, S.W., S.H. Kim, J.H. Park, D.C. Seo, and J.S. Cho. 2017. Selection of optimal application condition of corn waste biochar for improvement of corn growth and soil fertility. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 50:452-461. 10.7745/KJSSF.2017.50.5.452
11
Kim, M.J., H.S. Kim, S.I. Yun, C.K. Lee, D.Y. Park, M.S. Kim, and J.D. Shin. 2020. Growth responses and changes of soil chemical properties with application rate of supplemented biochar pellet as slow release fertilizer during tomato cultivation. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 53:268-276. 10.7745/KJSSF.2020.53.3.268
12
Kim, T.H., W.K. Lee, D.K. Kim, M.G. Choi, D.H. Oh, J.S. Park, and C.D. Gu. 1991. Research on carbon application method development for forestry seedlings: Studies on utilization of woody chared materials (II). p. 55-80. 2nd Annual Research Report. Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.
13
Kim, Y.S., H.J. Kang, T.I. Kim, T.G. Jung, J.W. Han, I.J. Kim, S.Y. Nam, and K.I. Kim. 2015. Effects of granular silicate on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) growth, yield, and characteristics of soil under greenhouse. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 48:456-463. 10.7745/KJSSF.2015.48.5.456
14
Lee, J.H., C. Seong, S.S. Kang, H.C. Lee, S.H. Kim, J.S. Lim, J.H. Kim, J.H. Yoo, J.H. Park, and T.K. Oh. 2018. Effect of different types of biochar on the growth of chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis). Korean J. Agric. Sci. 45(2):197-203.
15
Lehmann, J. and S. Joseph. 2009. Biochar for environmental management: An introduction. p. 1-12. In J. Lehmann et al. (ed.) Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. Earthscan, London, UK.
16
Lim, T.J., S.D. Hong, S.B. Kang, and J.M. Park. 2009. Evaluation of the preplant optimum application rates of pig slurry composting biofiltration for chinese cabbage. Korean J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 27:572-577. 10.5338/KJEA.2008.27.2.171
17
Ma, J.F. 2004. Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 50:11-18. 10.1080/00380768.2004.10408447
18
Miller, W.P. and D.M. Miller. 1987. A micro-pipette method for soil mechanical analysis. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 18:1-15. 10.1080/00103628709367799
19
NIAST (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology). 2006. Fertilizer recommendation for crops. Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea.
20
NIAST (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology). 2010. Methods of soil chemical analysis. Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea.
21
Oh, T.K., J.H. Lee, S.H. Kim, and H.C. Lee. 2017. Effect of biochar application on growth of chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis). Korean J. Agric. Sci. 44:359-365. 10.7744/kjoas.20170039
22
Park, J.H., S.W. Kang, J.J. Yun, S.G. Lee, S.H. Kim, J.S. Beak, and J.S. Cho. 2021. Effects of co-application of biochars and composts on lettuce growth. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 54:151-160.
23
Park, S.K., G.Y. Kim, Y.H. Lee, and Y.A. Shin. 1991. Research on the development of horticultural soil carbon fertilization method: A study on the use of wood carbide components (II). p. 81-92. 2nd Annual Research Report. Ministry of Science and Technology, Suwon, Korea.
24
Park, S.K., K.W. Kim, J.W. Lee, T.A. Shin, and E.H. Lee. 1993. Effect of application of woody chared materials on the plant growth and the chemical properties of soil in the continuous cropping field of red pepper. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 12:1-8.
25
RDA (Rural Development Administration). 2003. Standard of analysis and survey for agricultural research. Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea.
26
SAS Version 9.1.3. 2006. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, USA.
27
Sherwood, R.T. and C.P. Vance. 1980. Resistance to fungal penetration in gramineae. Phytopathology 70:273-279. 10.1094/Phyto-70-273
28
Shinichi, K. 1990. Collection of results of research on new uses of charcoal and wood vinegar (soil improvement material). p. 99-105. Research Association of Multi-Purpose Use Technology of Carbonized Wood, Tokyo, Japan.
29
Sorensen, R.B. and M.C. Lamb. 2016. Crop yield response to increasing biochar rates. J. Crop Improv. 30:703-712. 10.1080/15427528.2016.1231728
30
Toyomasa, W. 2002. Charcoal to protect Japanese agriculture: Use of wood vinegar. Specialty Information. Tokyo, Japan. 8:23-25.
31
Woo, S.H. 2013. Biochar for soil carbon sequestration. Clean Technol. 19:201-211. 10.7464/ksct.2013.19.3.201
32
Yun, B.G. 1998. Soil improvement and safe agricultural production using wood carbide. p. 85-99. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Agricultural and Environmental Uses of Wood Carbide (Charcoal and Wood Vinegar), Mokpo National University, Mokpo, Korea.
33
Yun, K.B., I.J. Park, Y.K. Yoo, W.N. Hou, B.W. Kim, and Y.W. Kim. 2004. Effect of application levels of wood charcoal powder on onion (Allium cepa L.) growth and soil physico-chemical properties. J. Korean Soc. Int. Agric. 16:162-167.
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국토양비료학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국토양비료학회 학회지
  • Volume : 55
  • No :3
  • Pages :175-184
  • Received Date : 2022-04-27
  • Revised Date : 2022-06-16
  • Accepted Date : 2022-07-04
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2022.55.3.175
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
KJSSF Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close