All Issue

2020 Vol.53, Issue 4 Preview Page

Original research article

Changes in Soil Salinity and Upland Crop Productivity in Reclaimed Land as Affected by Groundwater Table
Su Hwan Lee1†
,
Yang Yeol Oh1
,
Jin Hee Ryu1
,
Hak Sung Lee1
,
Bang Hoon Kang2
,
Hee Kyeong Ock1
,
Kang Ho Jung2
1Researcher, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
2Senior Researcher, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
*suhnlee@korea.kr
30 November 2020. pp. 415-430
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Soil salinization driven by groundwater distribution in the reclaimed land is one of the major limiting factors for crop cultivation and soil management. In this study, the effects of two different water table depth (G1 site with intermediate and deep vs. G2 site with shallow depth) of groundwater (on soil salinity, water and crop productivity were investigated. The rainfall event greatly impacted the groundwater recharging rate and salt leaching. The falling groundwatr table depth from 30 to 80 cm together with higher evaporation at G2 site caused soil salinization in the rhizosphere, whereas increases in soil salinity at G1 site was negligible. Overall, soil water content at G2 site was higher than that at G1 site. The positive correlation of soil salinity with soil water content (r2 = 0.69) and negative with groundwater table (r2 = 0.89) indicated hydraulic connection between groundwater table and soil surface. The deeply falling groudwater table with negative water balance (Evaporation > Rainfall) induced drought-combined salt stress to crop. Soybean was much more susceptible to soil salinty stress and excess-moisture injury than maize, suggesting that the crop selection and practices to reduce crop vulnerability to abiotic stresses(salt and water) should be considered for sustainable and stable agriculture in reclaimed land. Our results highlight that groundwater table depth would play a crucial role in founding cropland suitability and the optimum groundwater table to avoid salinization and excessve wetting might be 1.5 - 2.0 m.

Distribution of Soil EC in the soil profiles of two fields with different groundwater table variations after maize and soybean harvest in 2015 and 2016 at Saemangeum (G1: Site with intermediate and deep groundwater table, G2: Site with shallow groundwater table).
Keywords
Reclaimed land
Groundwater table
Soil salinization
Crop productivity
References
1
An, L.S., B.H. Zhou, Q.S. Zhao, and L. Zhu. 2015. Spatial Variability of Soil chloride content and its driving factors in the Huanghe River Delta. Scientia Georg. Sinica. 35(3):358-364.
2
Asad, S.Q., A. Waqas, and A.F. Ahmad. 2013. Optimum Groundwater table depth and Irrigation Schedules for Controlling Soil Salinity in Central Iraq. Irrg. and Drain. 62:414-424.
3
Ashraf, M., Rahmatullah, T. Maqsood, and M.A. Tahir. 2006. Contribution of Shallow water table to salinity/sodicity Development under Fallow and Cropped conditions. Pak. J. Agri. Sci. 43:7-12.
4
Ayar, J.E., E.W. Christen, R.W. Soppe, and W.S. Meyer. 2006. The resource potential of in-situ shallow ground water use in irrigated agriculture: a review. Irrigation Sci. 24:147-160. 10.1007/s00271-005-0003-y
5
Bae, H.S., S.H. Lee, J.B. Hwang, H.-K. Park, G.H. Lee, G.B. Lee, K.S. Lee, D.S. Lee, B.D. Hong, J.H. Lee, and D.Y. Chung. 2016. Drainage Effect on Desalinization and Crop Growth on a Poorly Drained Soil in the Reclaimed Tidal Flat Land. J. Korean Soc. Int. Agric. 28(4):512-519. 10.12719/KSIA.2016.28.4.512
6
Ibrakhimov, M., A. Khazoma, I. Forkutsa, G. Paluasheva, J.P.A. Lamers, B. Tischbein, P.L.G. Vlek, and C. Martius. 2007. Groundwater table and salinity: Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Influence on Soil Salinization in Khorezm region(Uzbekistan, Aral Sea Basin). Irrig. Drainage Syst. 21:219-236. 10.1007/s10795-007-9033-3
7
Jung, Y.S. and C.H. Yoo. 2007. Soil problems and Agricultural water management of the Reclaimed Land In Korea. Korea J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(4):330-348.
8
Kahlown, M.A. and A. Muhammad. 2002. Individual and Combined Effect of Waterlogging and Salinity on Crop Yield in the Indus Basin. Irrig. and Drain. 51:329-338. 10.1002/ird.62
9
Kahlown, M.A., Z.-U.-H. M.Ashraf. 2005. Effect of Shallow groundwater table on Crop Water Requirement and Crop Yield. Agricultural Water Management. 76:24-35. 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.01.005
10
Kim, N.W., Y.J. Kim, and I.M. Chung. 2013. Development of Analyzing Model of Groundwater Table Fluctuation(Ⅱ): Characteristics of Recharge. Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineerings, 33(6):2285-2291. 10.12652/Ksce.2013.33.6.2285
11
Kim, S., W.Y. Choi, J.H. Jeong, and K.B. Lee. 2014. Physiological Response of Four Corn Cultivars to Soil Salinity. Korean J. Crop Sci. 59(3):293-298. 10.7740/kjcs.2014.59.3.293
12
Kim, Y.J., J.H. Ryu, S.H. Lee, Y.Y. Oh, S. Kim, J. Jung, H.C. Hong, Y.D. Kim, and S.L. Kim. 2016. Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of the Soil Salinity in Saemangeum Gyehwa Newly Reclaimed Land. J. Korean Soc. Int. Agric. 28(1):113-117. 10.12719/KSIA.2016.28.1.113
13
Li, S., W. Luo, Z. Jia, S.C. Tang, and C. Chen. 2018. The Effect of natural rainfall on salt leaching under watertable management. Land Degradation Development. 29:1953-1961. 10.1002/ldr.2956
14
Liu, G.M., J.S. Yang, L.D. He, Z.Z. Lv, H.B. Shao, and S.P. Yu. 2013. Salt dynaimcs in soil profiles during long-term evaporation under different groundwater condition Plant Biosystems, 147:1211-1218. 10.1080/11263504.2013.862314
15
MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affair). 2019a. Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics in Korea.
16
MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affair). 2019b. Master plan of State-run reclaimed land of Korea.
17
McBratney, A., D.J. Field, and A. Koch. 2014. The Dimension of Soil Security. Geoderma. 213:203-213. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.013
18
Northey, J.E., E.W. Christen, J.E. Ayars, and J. Jankowski. 2006. Occurrence and Measurement of salinity stratification in shallow groundwater in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, south-eastern Australia. Agricultural Water Management. 81:23-40. 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.04.003
19
Nosetto, M.D., E.G. Jobbagy, R.B. Jackson, and G.A. Sznaider. 2009. Reciprocal influence of crops and shallow groundwater in sandy landscapes of the Inland Pampas. Field Crop Research. 113:138-148. 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.04.016
20
RDA (Rural Development Administration). 2000. Standard agricultural manuals for Corn and Soybean cultivation. Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea.
21
RDA (Rural Development Administration). 2012. Analysis standards for the research investigation of Agricultural Science and Technology. Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea.
22
Ridder, N.A. and R. Henk. 2006. Drainage Principle and Applications: Chapter 2. Groundwater investigation page 33-75. International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Netherlands.
23
Rngasamy Pichu. 2010. Soil Processes affecting crop production in salt-affected soils. Functional Plant Biology. 37:613-620. 10.1071/FP09249
24
Rose, D.A., F. Konukcu, and J.W. Gowing. 2005. Effect of Watertable Depth on Evaporation and Salt Accumulation from Saline Groudnwater. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 43:565-573. 10.1071/SR04051
25
Sohn, Y.M., G.Y. Jeon, J.D. Song, J.H. Lee, D.H. Kim, and M.E. Park. 2010. Effect of Soil Salinity and Soil-wetting by Summer-Rising of Water Table on the Growth of Fruit Trees Transplanted at the Saemangeum Reclaimed Tidal Land in Korea. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(1):8-15. 10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.1.008
26
Sophocleous, M. 2002. Interactions between groundwater and surface water: the state of the science. Hydrogeology Journal. 10:52-67. 10.1007/s10040-001-0170-8
27
Soppe, R.W.O. and J.E. Ayars. 2003. Characterizing groundwater use by safflower using lysimeter. Agri. water management. 60:59-71. 10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00149-X
28
Sugimori, Y., S. Funakawa, K.M. Pachikin, and N. Ishida. 2008. Soil Salinity Dynamics in Irrigated Fields and Its Effects on Paddy-based Rotation Systems in Southern Kazahstan. Land Degrada. Develop. 19:305-320. 10.1002/ldr.843
29
UNEP. 1996. Groundwater: a threatened resources, UNEP Environ Libr. (15):3-29.
30
Uri Nachshon. 2018. Cropland Soil Salinization and Associated Hydrology: Trends, Processes and Examples. Water. 10, 1030: doi:10.3390/w10081030. 10.3390/w10081030
31
Velmurugan, A., T.P. Swarnam, S.K. Ambast, and N. Kumar. 2016. Managing Waterlogging and Soil Salinity with a Permanent Raised Bed and Furrow Sytem in Costal Lowlands of Humid Tropics. Agricultural Water Management 168:56-67. 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.01.020
32
Wang, S., X.F. Song, Q. Wang, G.Q. Xiao, Z.M. Wang, X. Liu, and P. Wang. 2011. Shallow groundwater dynamics and origin of salinity at two sites in salinted and water-deficient region of North China Plain, China. Environmental Earth Science. DOI: 10.1007/S12655-011-1208-9. 10.1007/s12665-011-1280-9
33
Wang, Y.G., D. Xian, Y. Li, and X. Li. 2008. Soil Salinity evolution and its relationship with dynamics of groundwater in the oasis of inland river basins: case study from the Fubei region of Xinjiang Province, China. Environ Monit Assess. 140:291-302. 10.1007/s10661-007-9867-z17690990
34
Xia, J.B., X. Zhao, Y.P. Chen, Y. Fang, and Z. Zhao. 2016. Responses of Water and Salt Parameters to Groundwater Levels for Soil Columns Planted with Tamarix Chinensis. Plos One DOI:10/1371/Journal.pone.0145828. 10.1371/journal.pone.014582826730602PMC4701359
35
Xu, X., G.H. Huang, C. Sun, L.S. Pereira, T.B. Ramos, Q.Z. Hwang, and Y.Y. Hao. 2013. Assessing the Effects of Water Table Depth on Water Use, Soil Salinity and Wheat Yield: Searching for a Target Depth for Irrigated Areas in the Upper Yellow River basin. Agricultural Water Management 125:46-60. 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.04.004
36
Yang, F., G.X. Zhang, X.R. Yin, Z.J. Liu, and Z.G. Huang. 2011. Study on Capillary rise from Shallow Groundwater and Critical Water Table Depth of a Saline-Sodic in Western Songnen Plain of China. Environ Earth Sci. 64:2119-2126. 10.1007/s12665-011-1038-4
37
Yu, J., Y. Li, G. Han, D. Zhou, Y. Fu, B. Guan, G. Wang, K. Ning, H. Wu, and J. Wang. 2014. The Spatial distribution characteristics of Soil Salinity in Coastal Zone of the Yellow River Delta. Environ Earth Sci. 72:589-599. 10.1007/s12665-013-2980-0
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국토양비료학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국토양비료학회 학회지
  • Volume : 53
  • No :4
  • Pages :415-430
  • Received Date : 2020-11-02
  • Revised Date : 2020-11-15
  • Accepted Date : 2020-11-16
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2020.53.4.415
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
KJSSF Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close