All Issue

2020 Vol.53, Issue 1 Preview Page

Original research article

The Fate of 15N-labeled Organic Materials Applied to Chinese Cabbages Cropping System
Cho-Rong Lee1
,
Yura Oh1
,
Bi-Na Song1
,
Jung A Jung1
,
Jeong-Lai Cho1
,
Sang-Min Lee1
,
Nan-Hee An1*
1National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration
* Corresponding Author
28 February 2020. pp. 59-69
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Nitrogen added to farmland is used to plants or remains in soil, or is lost to environment. We incorporated 15N-labeled materials (Chemical fertilizer (CF), green manure (GM), livestock compost (LC), GM+LC, and oil cake (OC) to soil and cultivated Chinese cabbages (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and analyzed the 15N recovery of crop and soil to investigate the fate of nitrogen. The results follow. The 15Ncrop recovery of chemical fertilizer (CF) was the highest, and that of organic materials differed by type. The 15Nsoil recovery of CF was the lowest, and that of organic materials was 3 - 6 times higher than CF. The 15Nloss was not significantly difference between CF and organic materials (except GM+LC). As results, despite of the same amount of nitrogen input, there was the difference in plant uptake and soil residue between organic materials and CF. Nitrogen of CF is used to Chinese cabbages more than organic materials, however most of the remaining nitrogen is estimated to be lost to the environment. Therefore, CF might be hard to occur residual effect in the next cropping season. In organic materials, nitrogen is less used to Chinese cabbages than CF, but remains in soil more than CF. Therefore, organic materials might be useful for improving soil fertility and have a residual effect in the next cropping season. We suggest that these properties of organic materials should be taken into account in calculating the amount of applied fertilizer in organic farming where mainly organic materials are used. Moreover, it is necessary to investigate the cumulative and residual effects of continuous input of the same organic materials.

Distribution of 15N derived from materials to Chinese cabbages-soil-environment system.

Treatment 15N distribution (%)
Crop† Soil† Unaccounted§
Green manure (GM) 27 28 45
Livestock compost (LC) 8 47 45
GM+LC 25 50 25
Oil cake (OC) 25 23 51
Chemical fertilizer (CF) 50 6 44

†is 15Ncrop recovery of Chinese cabbages.†is 15Nsoil recovery in soil.§is 15Nloss into environment (100-15Ntotal recovery).

Keywords
Organic materials
15N
Stable isotope
15N recovery
Nitrogen fate

References
1
Amato, M., J. Ladd, A. Ellington, G. Ford, J. Mahoney, A. Taylor, and D. Walsgott, 1987. Decomposition of plant material in Australian soils. IV. Decomposition in situ of 14C labeled and 15N labeled legume and wheat materials in a range of southern Australian soils. Soil Research. 25(1):95-105.
10.1071/SR9870095
2
Bosshard, C., P. Sorensen, E. Frossard, D. Dubois, P. Mader, S. Nanzer, and A. Oberson, 2009. Nitrogen use efficiency of 15N-labelled sheep manure and mineral fertilizer applied to microplots in long-term organic and conventional cropping system. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 83:271-287.
10.1007/s10705-008-9218-7
3
Carpenter, S.R., N.F. Caraco, D.L. Correll, R.W. Howarth, A.N. Sharpley, and V.H. Smith, 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological applications. 8(3):559-568.
10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0559:NPOSWW]2.0.CO;2
4
Cassman, K.G., A. Dobermann, and D.T. Walters, 2002. Agroecosystems, nitrogen-use efficiency, and nitrogen management. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. 31(2):132-141.
10.1579/0044-7447-31.2.13212078002
5
Dittert, K., T. Goerges, and B. Sattelmacher, 1998. Nitrogen turnover in soil after application of animal manure and slurry as studied by the stable isotope 15N: A review. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde. 161(4): 453-463.
10.1002/jpln.1998.3581610412
6
Erisman, J.W., J.N. Galloway, S. Seitzinger, A. Bleeker, N.B. Dise, A.M.R. Petrescu, A.M. Leach, and W. de Vries, 2013. Consequences of human modification of the global nitrogen cycle. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 368(1621):20130116.
10.1098/rstb.2013.011623713116PMC3682738
7
Galloway, J.N., E.B. Cowling, S.P. Seitzinger, and R.H. Socolow, 2002. Reactive Nitrogen: Too Much of a Good Thing? AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. 31(2):60-63, 64.
10.1579/0044-7447-31.2.6012078010
8
Gardner, J.B., and L.E. Drinkwater, 2009. The fate of nitrogen in grain cropping systems: a meta‐analysis of 15N field experiments. Ecological applications. 19(8):2167-2184.
10.1890/08-1122.120014586
9
Giambalvo, D., P. Ruisi, G.D. Miceli, A.S. Frenda, and G. Amato, 2010. Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery of Durum Wheat Genotypes as Affected by Interspecific Competition. Agronomy Journal. 102(2):707-715.
10.2134/agronj2009.0380
10
Hirel, B., P. Bertin, I. Quillere, W. Bourdoncle, C. Attagnant, C. Dellay, A. Gouy, S. Cadiou, C. Retailliau, M. Falque, and A. Gallais, 2001. Towards a better understanding of the genetic and physiological basis for nitrogen use efficiency in maize. Plant Physiol. 125:1258-1270.
10.1104/pp.125.3.125811244107PMC65606
11
Holbeck, B., W. Amelung, A. Wolf, K.-H. Südekum, M. Schloter, and G. Welp, 2013. Recoveries of 15N-labelled fertilizers (chicken manure, mushroom compost and potassium nitrate) in arable topsoil after autumn application to winter cover crops. Soil and Tillage Research. 130:120-127.
10.1016/j.still.2013.03.003
12
Janzen, H., and S. McGinn, 1991. Volatile loss of nitrogen during decomposition of legume green manure. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 23(3):291-297.
10.1016/0038-0717(91)90066-S
13
Jensen, B., P. Sørensen, I.K. Thomsen, B.T. Christensen, and E.S. Jensen, 1999. Availability of Nitrogen in 15N-Labeled Ruminant Manure Components to Successively Grown Crops. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63:416-423.
10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300020021x
14
Kim, S.T., C.H. Bae, B.U. Kim, and H.C. Kim, 2017. PM2.5 Simulations for the Seoul Metropolitan Area:
15
Kirchmann, H. 1990. Nitrogen interactions and crop uptake from fresh and composted 15N‐labelled poultry manure. Journal of Soil Science. 41:379-385.
10.1111/j.1365-2389.1990.tb00073.x
16
Kumar, K., and K.M. Goh, 2003. Nitrogen release from crop residues and organic amendments as affected by biochemical composition. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 34:2441-2460.
10.1081/CSS-120024778
17
Lee, J.H., Y.M. Kim, and Y.K. Kim, 2017. Spatial panel analysis for PM2.5 concentrations in Korea. Journal of the Korean Data & Information Science Society. 28(3):473-481.
18
Lee, S.M. 2013. The study of nitrogen cycle in organic farming using stable isotope. Research program report. NAS.
19
Lee, S.M., W.J. Choi, S.I. Yun, Y.D. Choi, H.M. Ro, and J.W. Park, 2002. Evaluation of Fate of NH4+ of Condensed Molasses Solubles (CMS) in Soil Using by 15N-Tracer Method. Korean journal of Soil Sci. Fert. 35(2):69-76.
20
Lim, W.S., H.H. Lee, and C.O. Hong, 2014. Nitrogen Dynamics in the Soils Incorporated with Single and Mixture Application of hairy vetch and barley. Korean J Environ Agric. 33(4):298-305.
10.5338/KJEA.2014.33.4.298
21
McIsaac, G.F., M.B. David, G.Z. Gertner, and D.A. Goolsby, 2001. Eutrophication: nitrate flux in the Mississippi River. Nature. 414(6860):166.
10.1038/3510267211700544
22
Muchecheti, F., and I.C. Madakadze, 2016. Yield and nitrogen recovery of rape (Brassica napus L.) in response to application of leguminous leaf litter and supplemental inorganic nitrogen. Experimental Agriculture. 52(4): 518-536.
10.1017/S0014479715000228
23
Poffenbarger, H.J., J.E. Sawyer, D.W. Barker, D.C. Olk, J. Six, and M.J. Castellano, 2018. Legacy effects of long-term nitrogen fertilizer application on the fate of nitrogen fertilizer inputs in continuous maize. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 265:544-555.
10.1016/j.agee.2018.07.005
24
Qiu, S., A.J. McComb, R.W. Bell, 2008. Ratios of C, N and P in soil water direct microbial immobilisation-mineralization and N availability in nutrient amended sandy soils in southwestern Australia. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 127:93-99
10.1016/j.agee.2008.03.002
25
Ro, H.M., W.J. Choi, and S.I. Yun, 2003. Uptake and recovery of urea-15N blended with different rates of composted manure. Korean journal of Soil Sci. Fert. 36(6):376-383.
26
Rowell, D.M., C.E. Prescott, and C.M. Preston, 2001. Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization from biosolids and other organic materials: relationship with initial chemistry. J. Environ. Qual. 30:1401-1410.
10.2134/jeq2001.3041401x11476519
27
Samborski, S.M., N. Tremblay, and E. Fallon, 2009. Strategies to make use of plant sensors- based diagnostic information for nitrogen recommendations. Agronomy Journal. 101(4):800-816.
10.2134/agronj2008.0162Rx
28
Seo, J.H., S.H. Lee, Y.S. Cho, J.E. Lee, C.K. Lee, and Y.U. Kwon, 2008. Estimation of soybean N fraction derived from N sources by 15N in soybean cultivation with rye as green manure. Korean journal of crop science. 53(1):50-57.
29
Smith, C.J., and P.M. Chalk, 2018. The residual value of fertiliser N in crop sequences: An appraisal of 60 years of research using 15N tracer. Field Crops Research. 217:66-74.
10.1016/j.fcr.2017.12.006
30
Valkama, E., R. Lemola, H. Känkänen, and E. Turtola, 2015. Meta-analysis of the effects of undersown catch crops on nitrogen leaching loss and grain yields in the Nordic countries. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 203:93-101.
10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.023
31
Vargas, T.d.O., E.R. Diniz, A.L.V. Pacheco, R.H.S. Santos, and S. Urquiaga, 2017. Green manure-15N absorbed by broccoli and zucchini in sequential cropping. Scientia Horticulturae. 214:209-213.
10.1016/j.scienta.2016.11.028
32
Yun, H.B., Y. Lee, C.Y. Yu, S.M. Lee, B.K. Hyun, and Y.B. Lee, 2007. Effect of Crude Carbohydrate Content in Livestock Manure Compost on Organic Matter Decomposition Rate in Upland Soil. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(5):364-368.
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국토양비료학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국토양비료학회 학회지
  • Volume : 53
  • No :1
  • Pages :59-69
  • Received Date : 2020-02-05
  • Revised Date : 2020-02-21
  • Accepted Date : 2020-03-02
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2020.53.1.059
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
KJSSF Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close