-
Original research article
- Nitrogen fertilization-affected metabolite profiling in sorghum-sudangrass hybrid plant
- Bomin Seo, Jwakyung Sung
- Nitrogen (N), an essential macronutrient for crop growth and development, is widely used as a fertilizer. Balanced nitrogen is believed to be …
- Nitrogen (N), an essential macronutrient for crop growth and development, is widely used as a fertilizer. Balanced nitrogen is believed to be responsible for production and allocation of metabolites. Therefore, this study was aimed to understand the impact of different levels of nitrogen fertilization on the dynamics of primary metabolites. Sorghum-sudangrass hybrid was experimented with different nitrogen levels (N0, N100 and N200), and sampled at heading and harvesting stages. The results showed that metabolic profiling of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid revealed distinct responses to nitrogen fertilization in leaf and stem tissues. Higher nitrogen levels resulted in the up-regulation of sugars and amino acids while down-regulating organic acids. Amino acids, especially glutamine and asparagine, were more abundant in stem with higher nitrogen at harvesting. Further analysis confirmed an impact of nitrogen fertilization on monosaccharides and amino acids, with amino acids exhibiting higher stem abundance. Principal component analysis highlighted strong correlations between selected metabolites and nitrogen levels, particularly at higher concentrations. In summary, the study demonstrates that nitrogen fertilization is significantly responsible for an impact on the metabolic profile of the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, particularly in sugars and amino acids. These findings contribute valuable insights into the plant’s response to varying nitrogen levels, emphasizing the importance of nitrogen fertilization in shaping metabolic dynamics. Correlation between selected metabolites in the leaves and stems. - COLLAPSE
-
Original research article
- Contribution of soil and crop parameters on sudangrass productivity based on farm survey
- Bomin Seo, Hyeonmo Ahn, Kyewon Park, Seungdeok Kim, Minja Kim, Juhyoung Kim, Yejin Lee, Jwakyung Sung
- Despite an increase in sudangrass cultivation, fertilization is still dependent on farmers experience due to the absence of standard fertilization recipe. The …
- Despite an increase in sudangrass cultivation, fertilization is still dependent on farmers experience due to the absence of standard fertilization recipe. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of soil and crop parameters on sudangrass productivity, and to suggest the necessity of standard fertilization guideline. For this purpose, we conducted a survey on fertilization at 24 sudangrass farms in the Chungbuk province and analyzed soil chemical properties and sudangrass yield. Exchangeable K, Ca and Mg affected the yield of sudangrass, and especially Ca/K and Mg/K were closely associated with yield. In terms of nitrogen supply, excessive nitrogen application resulted in an adverse effect on yield. Fertilization was negatively correlated with nitrogen recovery and nitrogen use efficiency, and positive correlation was evident between soil chemical properties or between crop parameters. These findings imply that an adjustment of fertilization including compost and soil chemical properties ensure favorable sudangrass production, and this study suggests the necessity of standard and/or soil-testing fertilization guideline with further work. Nitrogen fertilization rates and nitrogen use efficiency by yield of sudangrass. ○ = High potential outlier. * = High extreme values. - COLLAPSE
-
Original research article
- Influences of continuous wood-derived biochar application on soil chemical properties and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) yield
- Ju Young Cho, Young-Eun Yoon, Hyeonji Choe, Lakmini Tharangamali Godagedara, Keum-Ah Lee, Sung Chul Kim, Young-Nam Kim, Yong Bok Lee
- Biochar application to agricultural soil has been widely conducted to improve C stock and fertility of the soil, contributing to enhancement of …
- Biochar application to agricultural soil has been widely conducted to improve C stock and fertility of the soil, contributing to enhancement of crop productivity. However, the impact of biochar application can vary with its specific characteristics and application rate. This study was performed to investigate the effects of wood-derived biochar (WB) application on soil properties and yield and quality of lettuce through two-season pot experiments, with the ultimate goal of identifying the most effective application rate. The biochar treatments were composed as follows based on the recommended application rate (2 Mg ha-1): 0% (control), 50% (WB100), 100% (WB200), 200% (WB400), and 400% (WB800). Lettuce plants were grown in two consecutive monocultures in 2023, and the WB was applied before planting each time. Among soil parameters, pH, organic matter content, and available P tended to increase as the WB application rate increased. Through the two-season treatment of WB800, soil pH increased from 7.1 (control) to 7.4, and organic matter and available P contents also increased by 29% (61 to 79 mg kg-1) and 32% (19 to 25 g kg-1), respectively, compared to control. After the second cultivation, the highest fresh weight (FW) of lettuce was observed in the WB200 treatment (51 g pot-1), which was significantly higher (ca. 65%) than in the control (31 g pot-1). In addition, nutrient uptake, such as N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, in the plant after the 2nd cultivation were highest in the WB200 treatment, while the WB800 treatment represented the lowest values. Polynomial regression analysis suggested that the optimal application rate of WB for maximum yield ranged between 3.04 and 3.36 Mg ha-1. Our findings indicated that the WB application could lead to a significant effect for growing lettuce plants but vary with the application doses and times. Further long-term researches are needed to maximize the effectiveness of WB applications for soil management and cropping. Response of lettuce yield to different application rates of wood-derived biochar: effects of continuous application. - COLLAPSE
-
Original research article
- Soil enzyme activity of rice paddy as affected by fertilization regimes under ambient and elevated temperature
- Nuri Baek, Seo-Woo Park, Eun-Seo Shin, Husna Israt Pia, Yerim Oh, Jin-Hyeob Kwak, Se-In Lee, Nurgül Kitir Şen, Woo-Jung Choi
- Soil enzymes play critical roles in the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling. In agricultural soils, enzyme activity is mainly affected …
- Soil enzymes play critical roles in the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling. In agricultural soils, enzyme activity is mainly affected by fertilization management such as chemical and organic fertilizers as well as temperature. In this study, the effects of fertilization regimes (i.e., organic vs. conventional) on soil enzyme activity for rice paddy under different temperature (ambient vs. elevated) were investigated through pot experiments using temperature gradient chambers. Rice plants were grown under different fertilization and temperatures for 121 days, and soil samples were collected in the middle-season drainage and the harvest seasons and analyzed for β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and acid phosphatase (AP), which involve carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling, respectively. Unexpectedly, enzyme activity was rarely affected by fertilization treatments and decreased by elevated temperature, which is not in agreement with the theoretical relationship between temperature and enzyme activity. The decreased enzyme activity by elevated temperature was consistent with decreased soil water content of the soils caused by increased evapotranspiration, suggesting decreased substrate diffusion might restrict microbial and thus enzyme activity. The higher enzyme activity in the harvest than that in the middle growing season could be also attributed to the higher soil water content in the harvest season compared with the middle growing season. In addition, increased rice biomass in the later season should have provided more substrate to microbes through diffusion under high soil water conditions. Our results suggest that soil moisture may be a key factor affecting soil enzyme activity by affecting substrate diffusion. Effects of fertilization, temperature, and growing season of rice on soil enzyme activity are mediated by changes in soil moisture. - COLLAPSE
-
Short communication
- Growth response of mini-paprika ‘Raon red’ to different EC levels of supply nutrient solution in hydroponics using coir substrates
- Seong-Tae Choi, Bokyung Park, Seo-Hyeon Lee, Chul Geon An, Hae-Suk Yoon
- Mini-paprika ‘Raon red’ has been steadily consumed due to its good taste of the fresh fruit since released from Gyeongsangnam-do in 2016. …
- Mini-paprika ‘Raon red’ has been steadily consumed due to its good taste of the fresh fruit since released from Gyeongsangnam-do in 2016. ‘Raon red’ paprika plant is characterized by better fruit set with smaller leaves and thinner stem than common blocky paprika, but EC management of the nutrient solution has not yet been established in the hydroponics. This study was conducted to clarify the supply EC level suitable for ‘Raon red’ through comparing with the EC (control) recommended for blocky paprika. For the control group, EC of the nutrient solution was adjusted to 3.0 dS m-1 from Feb. 27 to April 30 (the first growing period) and 2.8 dS m-1 from May 1 to July 17 (the second growing period) after planting the plants on February 6. For the two experimental groups, -0.4 EC and -0.8 EC, plants were supplied with 0.4 and 0.8 dS m-1 lower nutrient solutions, respectively, than the control EC during the two growing periods. There was no consistent changes or significant differences in growth, yield, fruit weight, and occurrence of blossom-end rot of the plants depending on different EC levels of the supply nutrient solution. Although not significant, soluble solids of fruits decreased by 0.3°Brix to 1.0°Brix in the lower EC treatments. These results confirmed that EC control can affect the quality of fruit, therefore, additional research is needed to set the appropriate EC standards considering the quality of mini-paprika ‘Raon red’. Yield and fruit characteristics of mini-paprika ‘Raon red’ by EC treatments of supply nutrient solution. Treatment Yield (kg 10a-1) Fruit Avg. weight (g) Soluble solids (°Brix) Blossom-end rot (%) Control1 2,630 ± 2492 n.s.3 59.2 ± 4.0 n.s. 10.2 ± 0.2 n.s. 1.6 ± 0.9 n.s. -0.4 EC 2,693 ± 70 59.5 ± 4.6 9.9 ± 0.5 0.7 ± 0.5 -0.8 EC 2,663 ± 240 60.5 ± 2.6 9.2 ± 0.6 1.7 ± 1.2 1Control was EC generally recommended for common blocky paprika. 2Values are mean ± SD. 3Not significant by LSD at P = 0.05. - COLLAPSE
-
Opinion
- Transitioning agricultural soil heavy metal management policies to phytoavailability concept
- Kwon-Rae Kim
- South Korea implements policies regarding heavy metal contamination in agricultural lands based on the total concentration standards set by the Ministry of …
- South Korea implements policies regarding heavy metal contamination in agricultural lands based on the total concentration standards set by the Ministry of Environment. However, since the primary function of agricultural lands is to produce crops, consideration must be given to the safety of agricultural products. To achieve this, the concept of phytoavailability of heavy metals must be introduced. This is because the rate of heavy metal absorption by plants is determined more by the phytoavailability of heavy metals in the soil than by the total concentration of heavy metals in the soil. The importance of phytoavailability for safe crop production has been reported in numerous research studies, and many countries overseas use phytoavailability standards as agricultural land management criteria. In South Korea, there are provisions in the Agricultural Land Act that support the provision of lime fertilizers for use in heavy metal-contaminated agricultural lands under soil improvement projects, which can be seen as a provision that recognizes the concept of phytoavailability for the production of safe agricultural products. By adopting the concept of phytoavailability, it is possible to reduce the social costs associated with managing heavy metal-contaminated agricultural lands and contaminated agricultural products and to develop policies that meet the demands of the public for securing the safety of crops. Comparison of characteristics in management of heavy metal contamination in agricultural land based on total concentration and availability standards. - COLLAPSE
-
Opinion
- Net CO2 removal of rice husk biochar as soil amendment depending on energy reuse in the production stage
- Kyung-Hwa Han, Seok-In Yun, Dong-Ho Choi, Sun-Il Lee
- Rice husk is a highly useful biomass for biochar production in Korea, because of convenience of relatively homogeneous feedstock supply. From this, …
- Rice husk is a highly useful biomass for biochar production in Korea, because of convenience of relatively homogeneous feedstock supply. From this, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in biomass sourcing stage and use stage of local-used biochar could be negligible, and thereby the net CO2 removal of rice husk biochar with soil application could be considered as the value of biochar organic carbon sequestered over 100-year minus GHG by energy consumption of the production stage. GHG by renewable energy consumption is regarded as zero in international biochar C credit certification methodologies, so energy reuse could increase the net CO2 removal of rice husk biochar. This study assessed the influences of the energy reuse percentage, including renewable energy and thermal energy reuse, in biochar production on the net CO2 removal of rice husk biochar locally used as soil amendment. The total amount of rice husk production in Korea in 2023 was estimated at 800 thousand tons. The economic pyrolysis temperature for rice biochar production as a soil amendment could be 500°C because H/C molar ratio was less than 0.7, biochar yield was relatively high, and the soil improvement effect was large. If 10% of the total amount of rice husk in Korea is converted to biochar at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C, the amount of organic carbon sequestered over 100 years by soil-amendment is estimated as 58 thousand tons CO2-eq, which corresponds to the 2030 biochar utilization CO2-eq sequestration goal in Korea. This amount corresponds to the net carbon sequestration when biochar is produced with 100% renewable energy. As the proportion of renewable energy or reused thermal energy decreases, the net CO2 removal decreases, showing maximum 70% cut. Therefore, this study suggests that it is necessary to maximize the net amount of sequestered carbon per ton biochar by securing energy-efficient production facilities. Estimated net carbon sequestration of soil-amended rice husk biochar at 500°C pyrolysis using 10% of total rice husk produced in Korean city/county with different production energy use. - COLLAPSE
Journal Informaiton
Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer
한국토양비료학회
Room 313, National Institute of Agricultural Science, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea, 55365
Tel: +82-63-226-7335 / Fax: +82-63-226-7335 / E-mail: ksssf249@naver.com Copyright© Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer. Powered by APUB
Tel: +82-63-226-7335 / Fax: +82-63-226-7335 / E-mail: ksssf249@naver.com Copyright© Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer. Powered by APUB
