All Issue

2019 Vol.52, Issue 2 Preview Page

Original research article

Tillage Effects on Evapotranspiration of Three Different Paddy Soils in Spring Season as Tested by Monolithic Weighable Lysimeters
Kyungwha Han1
,
Mijin Seo2∗
1Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration
2Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research
∗Corresponding Author
31 May 2019. pp. 160-171
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage in spring season before rice cultivation on evapotranspiration (ET) of three different paddy soils. Precision weighing lysimeters, filled with three undisturbed paddy soils, were used, and each texture was silty clay loam, loam, and sandy loam. For tillage treatments, the hand tillage (HT) was conducted to a depth of 8 cm by using a spatula with a 5 cm width on Mar. 8, 2016. The no-tillage (NT) treatments were continuously kept as no-tillage conditions during the study period. In 2016 spring of this experimental field, two contrary periods in weather condition, dry period from Mar. 8 to Apr. 5 and rainy period from Apr. 6 to Apr. 30, were used to analyze the effects of tillage on soil water status and evapotranspiration in paddy soils. In dry period with rare rainfall, HT treatment had lower evapotranspiration loss than NT treatment except sandy loam soil. Especially, the soil water tension difference over the dry period between HT and NT was highest in silty clay loam soils, probably due to transection of crack by tillage. On the other hand, the significant tillage effect on ET reduction in all soils over total period, dry and rainy periods, was not observed with high flucturation of weed biomass. This is probably not only because frequent rainfall events in rainy period could cause the reconnection of capillaries through water dispersion of clods, but also because nutrient mineralization at rewetting after surface tillage could promote ET through better weed growth. Nevertheless, in drought condition, tillage operation in early spring could be useful to decease water loss by evapotranspiration.

Periodically cummulative evapotranspiration amounts during spring (Mar. 8, 2016 - Apr. 30, 2016) periods for NT† and HT‡ treatments under the silty clay loam, loam, and sandy loam soils.

Period Silty clay loam Loam Sandy loam
NT HT NT HT NT HT
------------------------------------ mm ------------------------------------
Total 112.1ab 92.6b 136.7a 119.2ab 111.6ab 114.4ab
Dry (Mar. 8 - Apr. 5) 52.5de 32.9f 59.6d 44.6e 53.3de 43.2e
Rainy (Apr. 6 - Apr. 30) 59.6g 59.6g 77.2g 74.6g 58.3g 71.2g

†NT and ‡HT mean no-tillage and hand tillage practices, respectively, and the same letter denotes a statistically insignificant difference above p-value > 0.05 from Duncan's Multiple Range test for every horizontal line.

Keywords
Spring tillage
Soil texture
Water-saving
Capillary rise
Weed growth

References
1
Adams, J.E. and R.J. Hanks. 1964. Evaporation from soil shrinkage cracks. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 28:281-284.
10.2136/sssaj1964.03615995002800020043x
2
Alban, L.A., S. Vacharotayan, and T.L. Jackson. 1964. Phosphorus availability in reddish brown Lateritic soils. I. Laboratory studies. Agron. J., 56:555-558.
10.2134/agronj1964.00021962005600060010x
3
Bandyopadhyay, K.K., M. Mohanty, D.K. Painuli, A.K. Misra, K.M. Hati, K.G. Mandal, P.K. Ghosh, R.S. Chaudhary, and C.L. Acharya. 2003. Influence of tillage practices and nutrient management on crack parameters in a Vertisol of central India. Soil Till. Res. 71:133-142.
10.1016/S0167-1987(03)00043-6
4
Bhatt, R. and S.S. Kukal. 2014. Moisture retention trends during the intervening period of differently established rice-wheat cropping pattern in sandy loam soil. Int. J. Farm Sci. 4:7-14.
10.31018/jans.v7i1.617
5
Bhatt, R. and S.S. Kukal. 2015. Soil moisture dynamics during intervening period in rice-wheat sequence as affected by different tillage methods at Ludhiana, Punjab, India. SE 34:82-88.
6
Blake, G.R. and K.H. Hartge. 1986. Bulk density. In: Methods of soil analysis: Part 1-Physical and mineralogical methods. ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 363-375.
7
Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2008. The nature and properties of soils. Pearson-Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey, USA
8
Cabangon, R.J. and T. P. Tuong. 2000. Management of cracked soils for water saving during land preparation for rice cultivation. Soil Till. Res. 56:37-50.
10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00125-2
9
Cornelis, W.M., H. Wu, J. Lu, Y. Yao, X. Wang, R. Hartmann, D. Gabriels, D. Cai, K. Jin, Z. Bai, Y. Wang, and W. Schiettecatte. 2002. The water balance as affected by conservation and conventional tillage practices on slope fields in the drylands of North China. Proceedings of 12th International Soil Conservation Organization Conference. Beijing. Tsinghua University Press, pp. 638-643.
10
FFTC (Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region). 1989. Classification and management of rice growing soil. Proceedings of the fifth international soil management workshop <i>held in</i>. Wufeng, Taishung, Taiwan in December 11-23, 1988. FFTC book series No. 39.
11
Gauer, E., C.F. Shaykewich, and E.H. Stobbe. 1982. Soil temperature and soil water under zero tillage in Manitoba. Can. J. Soil Sci. 62:311-325.
10.4141/cjss82-035
12
Gee, G.W. and J.W. Bauder. 1986. Particle-size analysis. In: Methods of soil analysis: Part 1-Physical and mineralogical methods. ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 383-411.
13
Gruber, S. and W. Claupein. 2009. Effect of tillage intensity on weed infestation in organic farming. Soil Till. Res. 105:104-111.
10.1016/j.still.2009.06.001
14
Han, K.H. H.J. Cho, S.O. Hur, S.G. Ha, H.R. Cho, and S.H. Jeon. 2010. Water transport characteristics of paddy plow pan soils as estimated by particle size distribution fractal dimension. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(1):1-7.
15
Hillel, D. 1998. Environmental Soil Physics: Fundamentals, Applications, and Environmental Considerations. Academic Press, California, USA.
16
Karmakar, S., R.L. Kushwaha, and D.S.D. Stilling. 2005. Soil failure associated with crack propagation for an agricultural tillage tool. Soil Till. Res. 84:119-126.
10.1016/j.still.2004.10.005
17
KMA. 2011. Climatological normals of Korea (1981-2010). Publication number 11-1360000-000077-14. Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
18
Kuo, S. 1996. Phosphorus. In Sparks DL (eds.) Methods of soil analysis, Part 3. Chemical Methods, 3nd Ed. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI. pp. 869-920.
19
Kyuma, K. 2004. Paddy soil science. Kyoto University Press and Trans Pacific Press. Japan.
20
Lal, R. and M.K. Shukla. 2004. Principles of Soil Physics. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, USA.
10.4324/9780203021231
21
Mitchell, J., P. Singh, W. Wallender, D. Munk, J. Wroble, W. Horwath, P. Hogan, R. Roy, and B. Hanson. 2012. No-tillage and high-residue practices reduce soil water evaporation. Calif. Agr. 66:55-61.
10.3733/ca.v066n02p55
22
Osunbitan, J.A., Oyedele D.J., and K.O. Adekalu. 2005. Tillage effects on bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and strength of a loamy sand soil in southwestern Nigeria. Soil Till. Res. 82:57-64.
10.1016/j.still.2004.05.007
23
Palmer, R.E., R.L. Hill, and J.J. Meisinger. 2011. Undisturbed soil-columns for lysimetry II: miscible displacement evaluation of tillage practices. Appl. Eng. Agric. 27:391-400.
10.13031/2013.37074
24
Plaster, E.J. 1992. Soil science and management. 2nd edition. Delmar Publishers Inc. New York, USA.
25
Radke, J.K., A.R. Dexter, and O.J. Devine. 1985. Tillage effects on soil temperature, soil water, and wheat growth in South Australia. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:1542-1547.
10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900060042x
26
Rasmussen, K.J. 1999. Impact of ploughless soil tillage on yield and soil quality: a Scandinavian review. Soil Till. Res. 53:3-14.
10.1016/S0167-1987(99)00072-0
27
RDA (Rural Development Administration). 2015. Korean soil information system. National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea. Available at http://soil.rda.go.kr/eng/series/series.jsp.
28
Ritchie, J.T. and J.E. Adams. 1974. Field measurement of evaporation from shrinkage cracks. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 38:131-134.
10.2136/sssaj1974.03615995003800010040x
29
Rydberg, T. 1990. Effects of ploughless tillage and straw incorporation on evaporation. Soil Till. Res. 17:303-314.
10.1016/0167-1987(90)90043-D
30
Saccon, P. 2018. Water for agriculture, irrigation management. Applied Soil Ecology 123:793-796.
10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.10.037
31
Sarkar, S., M. Paramanick, and S.B. Goswami. 2007. Soil temperature, water use and yield of yellow sarson (Brassica napus L. var. glauca) in relation to tillage intensity and mulch management under rainfed lowland ecosystem in eastern India. Soil Till. Res. 93:94-101.
10.1016/j.still.2006.03.015
32
Schoeneberger, P.J., D.A. Wysocki, E.C. Benham, and E.C. Benhan, and Soil Survey Staff. 2012. Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 3.0. Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE. USA.
33
Schwartz, R.C., A.J. Schlegel, J.M. Bell, R.L. Baumhardt, and S.R. Evett. 2019. Contrasting tillage effects on stored soil water, infiltration and evapotranspiration fluxes in a dryland rotation at two loacations. Soil Till. Res. 190:157-174.
10.1016/j.still.2019.02.013
34
Schwartz, R.C., R.L. Baumhardt, and S.R. Evett. 2010. Tillage effects on soil water redistribution and bare soil evaporation throughout a season. Soil Till. Res. 110:221-229.
10.1016/j.still.2010.07.015
35
Seo, M., K. Han, H. Cho, J. Ok, Y. Zhang, Y. Seo, K. Jung, H. Lee, and G. Kim. 2017. Interpreting in situ soil water characteristics curve under different paddy soil types using undisturbed lysimeter with soil sensor. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. Vol.50(5):336-344
36
Seo, M., K. Han, K. Jung, H. Cho, Y. Zhang, and S. Choi. 2016. Effect of temperature and plow pan on water movement in monolithic weighable lysimeter with paddy sandy loam soil during winter season. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 49(4):300-309.
10.7745/KJSSF.2016.49.4.300
37
Sharratt, B.S. 1998. Barley yield and evapotranspiration governed by tillage practices in interior Alaska. Soil Till. Res. 46:225-229.
10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00102-0
38
Sillon, J.F., G. Richard, and I. Cousin. 2003. Tillage and traffic effects on soil hydraulic properties and evaporation. Geoderma 116:29-46.
10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00092-2
39
Tyurin, L.V. 1931. A new modification of the volumetric method of determining soil organic matter by means of chromic acid.Pochvovedenie, 26:36-47.
40
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2001. Securing the food supply. UNESCO, Paris.
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국토양비료학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국토양비료학회 학회지
  • Volume : 52
  • No :2
  • Pages :160-171
  • Received Date : 2019-05-02
  • Revised Date : 2019-06-07
  • Accepted Date : 2019-06-07
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2019.52.2.160
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
KJSSF Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close