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2019 Vol.52, Issue 3 Preview Page

Original research article

Lysimeteric Evaluation for Transpiration and Carbon Accumulation of Kimchi Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)
Young-jin Seo1*
,
Hyo-hoon Nam1
,
Won-cheol Jang1
,
Jong-soo Kim2
,
Bu-yong Lee3
1Bonghwa Herbal Crop Research Institute, Gyeongsangbuk-do A.T.A., Bonghwa 36229, Korea
2Department of Agriculture Environment Research, Gyeongsangbuk-do A.T.A., Daegu 41404, Korea
3Department of Environmental Science, Catholic Unuversity of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
* Corresponding Author
31 August 2019. pp. 235-248
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

An accurate evaluation of transpiration is required for many applications in agricultural and environmental management because crop yields and plant growth are primarily water limited. This study was aimed to determine the transpiration of Kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) using weighing lysimeter, to evaluate the relationship between transpiration of Kimchi cabbage and meteorological factors such as solar radiation, air temperature, etc., Transpiration was increased as the leaf area increased with the growth stage. Also daily transpiration per unit leaf area was 0.46 ± 0.13 g cm-2 day-1 and there was no significant difference during cultivation period. The maximum transpiration was 132.9 g hour-1 and diurnal changes of transpiration was highly correlated with solar radiation although the maximum transpiration was observed at 17 - 23°C air temperature. The ratio of dry matter production to transpiration was 0.33% and carbon accumulation was 0.13%. This result shows that transpiration of Kimchi cabbage seem to be mainly governed by solar radiation energy in clear days and 96% of the water is discharged through transpiration for the heat dissipation. Therefore, weighing lysimeter can be used to measure transpiration accurately and may be useful in interpreting the plant growth.

The transpiration of Kimchi cabbage follows the change of solar radiation.

Keywords
Kimchi cabbage
Lysimeter
Solar radiation
Transpiration

References
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Lee, G.S., S.W. Kim, S.Y. Hamm, and K.H. Lee. 2016. Computation of actual evapotranspiration using drone based remotely sensed information; preliminary test for a drought index. J. Environ. Sci. Inter. 25:1653-1660.
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21
Lee, S.G., H.J. Lee, S.K. Kim, S.T. Park, Y.A. Jang, and K.R. Do. 2015. Effect of vernalization, temperature and soil drying periods on the growth and yield of Chinese cabagge. Korean J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 33:820-828.
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22
Li, M., R.H. Chu, A.M.T. Islam, and S. Shen. 2018. Reference evapotranspiration variation analysis and its approaches evaluation of 13 empirical models in sub humid and humid regions: a case study of the Huai river basin, eastern China. Water. 10:493-515.
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24
Moon, K.H., E.Y. Song, S.H. Wi, and S.J. Oh. 2018. Development of Chinese Cabbage model using Mocrosoft Excel/VBA. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 20:228-232.
25
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26
Oh, S.J., K.H. Moon, I.C. son, E.Y. Song, Y.E. Moon, and S.C. Koh. 2014. Growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of chines cabbage in response to high temperature. Korean J. Hort. Sci. 32:318-329.
10.7235/hort.2014.13174
27
Ok, J.H., K.H. Han, Y.J. Lee, Y.S. Zhang, H.R. Cho, S.A. Hwang, S.S. Kim, J.H. Lee, and D.J. Kim. 2018. Water balance for Chinese cabbage in spring season with difference upland soils evaluated using weighable lysimeters. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 51:555-563.
28
Rana, G. and N. Katerji. 2000. Measurements and estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate. European J. Agron. 13:125-153.
10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00070-8
29
Renner, M., C. Brenner, K. Mallick, H.D. Wizemann, L. Conte, I. Trebs, J. Wei, V. Wulfmeyer, K. Schulz, and A. Kleidon. 2019. Using phase lags to evaluate model biaes in simulating the diurnal cycle of evapotranspiration : a case study in Luxembourg. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 23:515-2019. https;//doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-515-2019.
10.5194/hess-23-515-2019
30
Schrader, F., W. Durner, J. Fank, S. Gebler, T. Putz, and M. Hannes. 2013. Estimating precipitation and actual evapotranspiration from precision lysimeter measurements. Proc. Environ. Sci. 19:543-552.
10.1016/j.proenv.2013.06.061
31
Seo, M.J., K.H. Han, H.R. Cho, J.H. Ok, Y.S. Zhang, Y.H. Seo, K.H. Jung, H.S. Lee, and G.S. Kim. 2017. Interpreting in situ soil water characteristics curve under different paddy soil types using undisturbed lysimeter with soil sensor. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 50:336-344.
32
Seo, M.J., K.H. Han, K.H. Jung, Y.S. Zhang, and S.Y. Choi. 2016. Effect of temperature and plow pan on water movement in monolithic weighable lysimeter with paddy sandy loam soil during winter season. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 49:300-309.
10.7745/KJSSF.2016.49.4.300
33
Seo, Y.H., S.J. Lim, S.J. Heo, B.S. Yoon, S.Y. Hong, Y.H. Park, and D.K. Hong. 2019. Modification of Hargreaves equation coefficient to estimate reference evapotranspiration in Gangwondo. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 52:1-10.
34
Seo, Y.J., H.H. Nam, W.C. Jang, J.S. Kim, and B.Y. Lee. 2018. Effect of meteorological factors on evapotranspiration change of Cnidium officinale Makino. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 20:366-375.
35
Son, I.C., K.H. Moon, E.Y. Song, S.J. Oh, H.H. Seo, Y.E. Moon, and J.Y. Yang. 2015. Effects of differentiated temperature based on growing season temperature on growth and physiological response in Chinese cabbage 'Chunkwang'. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 17:254-260.
10.5532/KJAFM.2015.17.3.254
36
Steiner, J.L., T.A. Howell, and A.D. Schneider. 2018. Lysimetric evaluation of daily potential evapotranspiration models for grain sorghum. Agron. J. 83:240-247.
10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300010055x
37
Tyagi, N.K., D.K. Sharma, and S.K. Luthra. 2000. Determination of evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of rice and sunflower with lysimeter. Agric. Water Manag. 45:41-54.
10.1016/S0378-3774(99)00071-2
38
Wi, S.H., E.Y. Somg, S.J. Oh, I.C. Son, S.G. Lee, H.J. Lee, B.H. Mun, and Y.Y. Cho. 2018. Estimation of optimum period for spring cultivation of 'Chunhwang' Chinese cabbage based on growing degree days in Korea. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 20:175-182.
39
Yan, H.F., S.J. Acquah, C.A. Zhang, G.Q. Wang, S. Huang, H.N. Zhang, B.S. Zhao, and H.M. Wu. 2019. Energy partitioning of greenhouse cucumber based on the application of Penman-Monteith and bulk transfer models. Agric. Water Manag. 217:201-211.
10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.036
40
Yun, S.K., S.O. Hur, S.H. Kim, S.J. Park, J.B. Kim, and I.M. Choi. 2009. Prediction of evapotranspiration from grape vein in Suweon with FAO Penman-Monteith equation. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 11:111-117.
10.5532/KJAFM.2009.11.3.111
1
Ahn, J.H., K.D. Kim, and J.T. Lee. 2014. Growth model of Chinese cabbage in an alpine area. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 14:309-315.
10.5532/KJAFM.2014.16.4.309
2
Bakhtiari, B., N. Ghahreman, A.M. Lighat, and G. Hoogenboom. 2011. Evaluation of reference evapotranspiration models for a semiarid environment using lysimeter measurements. J. Agric. Sci. Tech. 13:223-237.
3
Bello, Z.A. and L.D. Van Rensburg. 2017. Development, calibration and testing of low cost small lysimeter for monitoring evaporation and transpiration. Irrigation and Drainage. 66:263-272.
10.1002/ird.2095
4
Byrne, G.F. 1981. Fitting a growth curve equation to field data. Agric. Meteor. 22:1-9.
10.1016/0002-1571(80)90023-0
5
Colaizzi, P.D., S.A. O'Shaughnessy, S.R. Evett, and R.B. Mounce. 2017. Crop evapotranspiration calculation using infrared thermometers aboard pivots. Agric. Water Manag. 187:173-189.
10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.016
6
Djaman, K., M. O'Neill, C.K. Owen, D. Smeal, K. Koudahe, M. West, S. Allen, K. Lombard, and S. Irmark. 2018. Crop evapotranspiration, irrigation water requirement and water productivity of maize from meteorological data under semiarid climate. Water. 10:405-422.
10.3390/w10040405
7
Ghafouri-Azar, M., D.H. Bae, and S.H. Kang. 2018. Trend analysis of long term reference evapotranspiration and its components over the Korean peninsula. Water. 10:1373-1391.
10.3390/w10101373
8
Han, J.S. and B.Y. Lee. 2005. Measurements and analysis of free water evaporation at Haenam paddy field. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 7:91-97.
9
Hong, J.K., H.J. Kwon, J.H. Lim, Y.H. Byun, J. Lee, and J. Kim. 2009. Standardization of KoFlux eddy covariance data processing. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 11:19-26.
10.5532/KJAFM.2009.11.1.019
10
Hu, X.L., L.S. Shi, L.Lin, B.Z. Zhang, and Y.Y. Zha. 2018. Optical based and thermal based estimation surface conductance and actual evapotranspiration estimation study in the North China Plain. Agric. Forest Meteor. 263:449-464.
10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.09.015
11
Hur, S.O., K.H. Jung, S.K. Ha, and J.G. Kim. 2006. Evaluation of meteorological elements used for reference evapotranspiration calculation of FAO Penman-Monteith Model. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 39:274-279.
12
Jeon, M.J., W.H. Nam, E.M. Hong, S.A. Hwang, J.H. Ok, H.R. Cho, K.H. Han, K.H. Jung, Y.S. Zhang, and S.Y. Hong. 2019. Comparison of reference evapotranspiration estimation methods with limited data in South Korea. Korean J. Agric. Sci. 46:137-149.
13
Kim, D.J., K.H. Han, Y.S. Zhang, H.R. Cho, J.H. Ok, K.S. Choi, and J.S. Choi. 2018. Evaluation of evapotranspiration in difference paddy soils using weighable lysimeters before flooding stage. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 51:510-521.
14
Kim, J.H. and J.I. Yun. 2015. A thermal time based phenology estimation in Kimchi cabbage (Brassica campestris L. spp. Pekinensis). Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 17:333-339.
10.5532/KJAFM.2015.17.4.333
15
Kim, K.D., J.T. Suh, J.N. Lee, D.L. Yoo, M. Kwon, and S.C. Hong. 2015. Evaluation of factors related to productivity and yield estimation based on growth characteristics and growing degree days in highland Kimchi Cabbage. Korean J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 33:911-922.
10.7235/hort.2015.15074
16
Kwon, H.J., J.H. Lee, Y.K. Lee, J.W. Lee, S.W. Jung, and J. Kim. 2009. Seasonal variations of evapotranspiration observed in a mixed forest in the Seolmacheon catchment. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 11:39-47.
10.5532/KJAFM.2009.11.1.039
17
Kwon, H.J., S.B. Park, M.S. Kang, J.I. Yoo, R. Yuan, and J. Kim. 2007. Quality control and assurance of eddy covariance data at two KoFlux sited. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 9:260-267.
10.5532/KJAFM.2007.9.4.260
18
Lee, B.Y. and S. Haginoya. 2011. The latent heat exchange on the ground. J. Environ. Sci. 20:1061-1068.
10.5322/JES.2011.20.8.1061
19
Lee, B.Y., S.K. Yang, K.H. Kwon, and J.B. Kim. 2012. The effect of evapotranspiration by altitude and observation of lysimeter. J. Environ. Sci. 21:749-755.
10.5322/JES.2012.21.6.749
20
Lee, G.S., S.W. Kim, S.Y. Hamm, and K.H. Lee. 2016. Computation of actual evapotranspiration using drone based remotely sensed information; preliminary test for a drought index. J. Environ. Sci. Inter. 25:1653-1660.
10.5322/JESI.2016.25.12.1653
21
Lee, S.G., H.J. Lee, S.K. Kim, S.T. Park, Y.A. Jang, and K.R. Do. 2015. Effect of vernalization, temperature and soil drying periods on the growth and yield of Chinese cabagge. Korean J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 33:820-828.
10.7235/hort.2015.15076
22
Li, M., R.H. Chu, A.M.T. Islam, and S. Shen. 2018. Reference evapotranspiration variation analysis and its approaches evaluation of 13 empirical models in sub humid and humid regions: a case study of the Huai river basin, eastern China. Water. 10:493-515.
10.3390/w10040493
23
Lim, Y.J., K.Y. Byun, T.Y. Lee, and J. Kim. 2010. Evaluation of evapotranspiration estimation using Korea land data assimilation system. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 12:298-306.
10.5532/KJAFM.2010.12.4.298
24
Moon, K.H., E.Y. Song, S.H. Wi, and S.J. Oh. 2018. Development of Chinese Cabbage model using Mocrosoft Excel/VBA. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 20:228-232.
25
NAAS. 2011. Soil and plant analysis. National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea.
26
Oh, S.J., K.H. Moon, I.C. son, E.Y. Song, Y.E. Moon, and S.C. Koh. 2014. Growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of chines cabbage in response to high temperature. Korean J. Hort. Sci. 32:318-329.
10.7235/hort.2014.13174
27
Ok, J.H., K.H. Han, Y.J. Lee, Y.S. Zhang, H.R. Cho, S.A. Hwang, S.S. Kim, J.H. Lee, and D.J. Kim. 2018. Water balance for Chinese cabbage in spring season with difference upland soils evaluated using weighable lysimeters. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 51:555-563.
28
Rana, G. and N. Katerji. 2000. Measurements and estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate. European J. Agron. 13:125-153.
10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00070-8
29
Renner, M., C. Brenner, K. Mallick, H.D. Wizemann, L. Conte, I. Trebs, J. Wei, V. Wulfmeyer, K. Schulz, and A. Kleidon. 2019. Using phase lags to evaluate model biaes in simulating the diurnal cycle of evapotranspiration : a case study in Luxembourg. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 23:515-2019. https;//doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-515-2019.
10.5194/hess-23-515-2019
30
Schrader, F., W. Durner, J. Fank, S. Gebler, T. Putz, and M. Hannes. 2013. Estimating precipitation and actual evapotranspiration from precision lysimeter measurements. Proc. Environ. Sci. 19:543-552.
10.1016/j.proenv.2013.06.061
31
Seo, M.J., K.H. Han, H.R. Cho, J.H. Ok, Y.S. Zhang, Y.H. Seo, K.H. Jung, H.S. Lee, and G.S. Kim. 2017. Interpreting in situ soil water characteristics curve under different paddy soil types using undisturbed lysimeter with soil sensor. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 50:336-344.
32
Seo, M.J., K.H. Han, K.H. Jung, Y.S. Zhang, and S.Y. Choi. 2016. Effect of temperature and plow pan on water movement in monolithic weighable lysimeter with paddy sandy loam soil during winter season. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 49:300-309.
10.7745/KJSSF.2016.49.4.300
33
Seo, Y.H., S.J. Lim, S.J. Heo, B.S. Yoon, S.Y. Hong, Y.H. Park, and D.K. Hong. 2019. Modification of Hargreaves equation coefficient to estimate reference evapotranspiration in Gangwondo. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 52:1-10.
34
Seo, Y.J., H.H. Nam, W.C. Jang, J.S. Kim, and B.Y. Lee. 2018. Effect of meteorological factors on evapotranspiration change of Cnidium officinale Makino. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 20:366-375.
35
Son, I.C., K.H. Moon, E.Y. Song, S.J. Oh, H.H. Seo, Y.E. Moon, and J.Y. Yang. 2015. Effects of differentiated temperature based on growing season temperature on growth and physiological response in Chinese cabbage 'Chunkwang'. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 17:254-260.
10.5532/KJAFM.2015.17.3.254
36
Steiner, J.L., T.A. Howell, and A.D. Schneider. 2018. Lysimetric evaluation of daily potential evapotranspiration models for grain sorghum. Agron. J. 83:240-247.
10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300010055x
37
Tyagi, N.K., D.K. Sharma, and S.K. Luthra. 2000. Determination of evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of rice and sunflower with lysimeter. Agric. Water Manag. 45:41-54.
10.1016/S0378-3774(99)00071-2
38
Wi, S.H., E.Y. Somg, S.J. Oh, I.C. Son, S.G. Lee, H.J. Lee, B.H. Mun, and Y.Y. Cho. 2018. Estimation of optimum period for spring cultivation of 'Chunhwang' Chinese cabbage based on growing degree days in Korea. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 20:175-182.
39
Yan, H.F., S.J. Acquah, C.A. Zhang, G.Q. Wang, S. Huang, H.N. Zhang, B.S. Zhao, and H.M. Wu. 2019. Energy partitioning of greenhouse cucumber based on the application of Penman-Monteith and bulk transfer models. Agric. Water Manag. 217:201-211.
10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.036
40
Yun, S.K., S.O. Hur, S.H. Kim, S.J. Park, J.B. Kim, and I.M. Choi. 2009. Prediction of evapotranspiration from grape vein in Suweon with FAO Penman-Monteith equation. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteor. 11:111-117.
10.5532/KJAFM.2009.11.3.111
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국토양비료학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국토양비료학회 학회지
  • Volume : 52
  • No :3
  • Pages :235-248
  • Received Date : 2019-05-29
  • Revised Date : 2019-07-14
  • Accepted Date : 2019-08-26
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2019.52.3.235
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