All Issue

2019 Vol.52, Issue 2 Preview Page

Original research article

Soil Quality Assessment Based on Different Properties of Remediated Soil Affected by Various Organic Amendments
Dong-Jin Kim1
,
Byung-Koo Ahn2
,
Jin-Ho Lee1∗
1Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University
2Jeollabuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Service, Iksan
∗Corresponding Author
31 May 2019. pp. 114-132
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Remediated soil can be one of valuable resources for sustainable agriculture after improving its quality and properties with proper treatments. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate changes in soil properties and soil quality for improving remediated soil contaminated with petroleum as affected by the applications of various organic amendments as soil conditioners including biochar (BC), charcoal (CC), and livestock manure compost (LC). Two remediated soils, remediated soil A and B (RSA and RSB) that previously contaminated with different concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons, were alkaline soils with up to 8.5 of soil pH, very low soil organic matter (SOM) contents and available phosphate (available P2O5) concentrations, and very high exchangeable Ca concentrations. Thus, these soils had very unfavorable conditions for crop growth. RSA and RSB were treated with BC, CC, and LC in levels of 0.0%, 1.0%, and 5.0% on dry weight bases. The remediated soils treated with organic soil conditioners were incubated for 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks at room temperature (24 ± 2°C). SOM contents increased with all the treatments. In particular, SOM in RSB increased up to 19.5 g kg-1 with BC 5.0% treatment (BC5, 16-week), which was 2 times higher than that in both RSA and RSB soils without BC applications (Control soils). Also, available P2O5 concentrations increased to 24.9 mg kg-1 (RSA, 16-week), and 17.0 mg kg-1 (RSB, 8-week) with BC5. However, available P2O5 concentration in the remediated soils was very lower than that of the optimal value for cultivating crops suggested by National Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Republic of Korea. Available P2O5 was negatively correlated with soil pH (p < 0.01) and exchangeable Ca (p < 0.01). Soil quality index (SQI) and weight additive soil quality index (SQIW) were positively correlated with SOM (p < 0.01). The mean value of soil quality indices were 39.3, 56.0, 40.0, and 54.5 for RSA Control, RSA BC5, RSB Control, and RSB BC5, respectively. The highest soil quality index was found in the remediated soil with BC treatment. The remediated soils require the immediate solution for the poor soil quality, and thus should need methodical and continuous management.

Soil quality index (SQI) and weight additive soil quality index (SQIW) of the two remediated soils (RSA and RSB) as influenced by the applications of various organic amendments.

Treatment† RSA RSB
SQI SQIW SQI SQIW
Control 39.3 d‡ 32.6 d 40.0 d 32.4 c
BC1 45.5 bc 39.5 bc 45.0 bc 37.2 bc
BC5 56.0 a 51.0 a 54.5 a 47.6 a
CC1 43.0 cd 36.6 cd 42.5 cd 35.6 bc
CC5 48.0 b 42.7 b 47.5 b 40.9 b
LC1 39.3 d 32.6 d 41.3 cd 34.0 c
LC5 48.0 b 42.7 b 47.5 b 40.5 b

†Control, no treated; BC1, 1% of biochar treated; BC5, 5% of biochar treated; CC1, 1% of charcoal treated; CC5, 5% of charcoal treated; LC1, 1% of livestock manure compost treated; LC5, 5% of livestock manure compost treated.

‡Numbers followed by the different letter within a column are significantly different at p <0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test.

Keywords
Organic amendment
Remediated soil
Soil property
Soil quality
Soil quality index

References
1
Abrahams, P.W. 2002. Soils: their implications to human health. Sci. Total Environ. 291:1-32.
10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01102-0
2
Ahn, B.K., J.H. Lee, K.C. Kim, H.G. Kim, S.S. Jeong, H.W. Jeon, and Y.S. Zhang. 2012. Changes in chemical properties of paddy field soils as influenced by regional topography in Jeonbuk province. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 45(3):393-398 (In Korean).
10.7745/KJSSF.2012.45.3.393
3
Alley, M.M. and B. Vanlauwe. 2009. The role of ferilizers in integrated plant nutrient management (1st edition). International Fertilizer Industry Association, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Paris, France.
4
Arthur, E., M. Tuller, P. Moldrup, and L.W. de Jonge. 2015. Effects of biochar and manure conditioners on water vapor sorption in a sandy loam soil. Geoderma. 243-244:175-182.
10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.01.001
5
Bell, M.J. and F. Worrall. 2011. Charcoal addition to soils in NE England: a carbon sink with environmental co-benefits?. Sci. Total Environ. 409:1704-1714.
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.03121329965
6
Cébron, A., T. Beguiristain, P. Faure, M.-P. Norini, J.-F. Masfaraud, and C. Leyval. 2009. Influence of vegetation on the in situ bacterial community and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders in aged PAH-contaminated or thermeal-desorption-treated soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75(19):6322-6330.
10.1128/AEM.02862-0819633127PMC2753067
7
Curtin, D., H. Steppuhn, and F. Selles. 1994. Effects of magnesium on cation selectivity and structural stability of sodic soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58:730-737.
10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800030013x
8
Das, N. and P. Chandran. 2010. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants: an overview. Biotechnol. Res. Int. 2011:1-13.
10.4061/2011/94181021350672PMC3042690
9
Dontsova, K.M. and L.D. Norton. 2002. Clay dispersion, infiltration, and erosion as influenced by exchangeable Ca and Mg. Soil Sci. 167(3):184-193.
10.1097/00010694-200203000-00003
10
Elgh-Dalgren, K., A. Düker, Z. Arwidsson, T. von Kronhelm, and P.A.W. van Hees. 2011. Re-cycling of remediated soil - evaluation of leaching tests as tools for characterization. Waste Manage. 31:215-224.
10.1016/j.wasman.2009.12.02120117924
11
Garrigues, E., M.S. Corson, D.A. Angers, H.M.G. van der Werf, and C. Walter. 2012. Soil quality in Life Cycle Assessment: towards development of an indicator. Ecol. Indic. 18:434-442.
10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.12.014
12
Gee, G.W. and J.W. Bauder. 1986. Particle size analysis, p. 383-411. In: A. Klute (ed.). Method of soil analysis. Part 1. (2nd edition). America Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA.
13
Glover, J.D., J.P. Reganold, and P.K. Andrews. 2000. Systematic method for rating soil quality of conventional, organic, and integrated apple orchards in Washington State. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 80:29-45.
10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00131-6
14
Grandy, A.S., G.A. Porter, and M.S. Erich. 2002. Organic amendment and rotation crop effects on the recovery of soil organic matter and aggregation in potato cropping systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 66:1311-1319.
10.2136/sssaj2002.1311
15
Hafeez, F., L. Philippot, A. Spor, and F. Martin-Laurent. 2014. Assessment of the resilience and resistance of remediated soils using denitrification as model process. J. Soils Sediments. 14:178-182.
10.1007/s11368-013-0780-5
16
Hartley, W., L. Uffindell, A. Plumb, H.A. Rawlinson, P. Putwain, and N.M. Dickinson. 2008. Assessing biological indicators for remediated anthropogenic urban soils. Sci. Total Environ. 405:358-369.
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.00418632139
17
Heil, D. and G. Sposito. 1993. Organicmatter role in illitic soil colloids flocculation: I. Counter ions and pH. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:1241-1246.
10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700050014x
18
Hwang, K.S., Q.S. Ho, H.D. Kim, and J.H. Choi. 2002. Changes of electrical conductivity and nitrate nitrogen in soil applied with livestock manure. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 21(3):197-201 (In Korean).
10.5338/KJEA.2002.21.3.197
19
Jain, P.K., V.K. Gupta, R.K. Gaur, M. Lowry, D.P. Jaroli, and U.K. Chauhan. 2011. Bioremediation of petroleum oil contaminated soil and water. Res. J. Environ. Toxicol. 5(1):1-26.
10.3923/rjet.2011.1.26
20
Jelusic, M. and D. Lestan. 2014. Effect of EDTA washing of metal polluted garden soils. PartⅠ: Toxicity hazards and impact on soil properties. Sci. Total Environ. 475:132-141.
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.04924315027
21
Jelusic, M., D. Vodnik, and D. Lestan. 2014a. Revitalization of EDTA-remediated soil by fertilization and soil conditioners. Ecol. Eng. 73:429-438.
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.068
22
Jelusic, M., D. Vodnik, I. Macek, and D. Lestan. 2014b. Effect of EDTA washing of metal polluted garden soils. PartⅡ. Can remediated soil be used as a plant substrate?. Sci. Total Environ. 475:142-152.
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.11124342493
23
Jelusic, M., H. Grcman, D. Vodnik, M. Suhadolc, and D. Lestan. 2013. Functioning of metal contaminated garden soil after remediation. Environ. Pollut. 174:63-70.
10.1016/j.envpol.2012.10.02723246748
24
Jones, D.L., J. Rousk, G. Edwards-Jones, T.H. DeLuca, and D.V. Murphy. 2012. Biochar-mediated changes in soil quality and plant growth in a three year field trial. Soil Biol. Biochem. 45:113-124.
10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.10.012
25
Jung, B.G., G.H. Ro, and N.C. Sung. 2009. Removal characteristics of TPHs and heavy metals in contaminated soil with ultrasonic washing. J. Environ. Sci. Int. 18(4):473-478 (In Korean).
10.5322/JES.2009.18.4.473
26
Jung, B.G., J.W. Choi, E.S. Yun, J.H. Yoon, Y.H. Kim, and G.B. Jung. 1998. Chemical properties of the horticultural soils in the plastic film houses in Korea. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 31(1):9-15 (In Korean).
10.1007/BF02707108
27
Karlen, D.L. and D.E. Stott. 1994. A framework for evaluating physical and chemical indicators of soil quality, p. 53-72. In: J.W. Doran, D.C. Coleman, D.F. Bezdicek, and B.A. Stewart (eds.). Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA.
28
Khan, F.I., T. Husain, and R. Hejazi. 2004. An overview and analysis of site remediation technologies. J. Environ. Manag. 71:95-122.
10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.02.00315135946
29
Kim, D.J., B.K. Ahn, and J.H. Lee. 2013. Impact of environmentally-friendly organic agro-materials on chemical properties of remediated soils. Korean J. Org. Agric. 21(4):753-767 (In Korean).
10.11625/KJOA.2013.21.4.753
30
Kim, D.J., D.S. Kang, B.K. Ahn, and J.H. Lee. 2015. Distribution of soil fertility in paddy fields as affected by cultivation methods and topographical regions. Korean J. Org. Agric. 23(3):595-604 (In Korean).
31
Kim, J.Y. and S.S. Lee. 2011. In-situ bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated soil by Pseudomonas species. Korean J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 39(2):161-167 (In Korean).
32
Kim, M.S., W.I. Kim, J.S. Lee, G.J. Lee, G.L. Jo, M.S. Ahn, S.C. Choi, H.J. Kim, Y.S. Kim, M.T. Choi, Y.H. Moon, B.K. Ahn, H.W. Kim, Y.J. Seo, Y.H. Lee, J.J. Hwang, Y.H. Kim, and S.K. Ha. 2010. Long-term monitoring study of soil chemical contents and quality in paddy fields. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(6):930-936 (In Korean).
33
Komatsuzaki, M. and H. Ohta. 2007. Soil management practices for sustainable agro-ecosystems. Sustain. Sci. 2:103-120.
10.1007/s11625-006-0014-5
34
Lal, R. 2008. Soils and sustainable agriculture. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 28:57-64.
10.1051/agro:2007025
35
Lee, J.H. and J.J. Doolittle. 2004. Measurement of phosphorus buffering power in various soils using desorption isotherm. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 37(4):220-227.
36
Lee, S.B., K.M. Cho, N.H. Baik, C.H. Yang, J.H. Jung, K.J. Kim, and G.B. Lee. 2012. Effects of pig compost and liquid manure on yield, nutrients uptake of rice plant and physicochemical properties of soil. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 45(5):772-778 (In Korean).
10.7745/KJSSF.2012.45.5.772
37
Legaz, B.V., D.M. De Souza, R.F.M. Teixeira, A. Antón, B. Putman, and S. Sala. 2017. Soil quality, properties, and functions in life cycle assessment: an evaluation of models. J. Clean. Prod. 140:502-515.
10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.077
38
Liang, B., J. Lehmann, D. Solomon, J. Kinyangi, J. Grossman, B. O'Neill, J O. Skjemstad, J. Thies, F.J. Luizão, J. Petersen, and E.G. Neves. 2006. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70:1719-1730.
10.2136/sssaj2005.0383
39
Ludwig, B., P.K. Khanna, B. Anurugsa, and H. Folster. 2001. Assessment of cation and anion exchange and pH buffering in an Amazonian Ultisol. Geoderma. 102:27-40.
10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00099-9
40
Makadia, T.H., E.M. Adetutu, K.L. Simons, D. Jardine, P.J. Sheppard, and A.S. Ball. 2011. Re-use of remediated soils for the bioremediation of waste oil sludge. J. Environ. Manag. 92:866-871.
10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.05921115217
41
Mankasingh, U., P.C. Choi, and V. Ragnarsdottir. 2011. Biochar application in a tropical, agricultural region: a plot scale study in Tamil Nadu, India. Appl. Geochem. 26:S218-S221.
10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.108
42
McCarthy, K., L. Walker, L. Vigoren, and J. Bartel. 2004. Remediation of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons by in situ landfarming at an Arctic site. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 40:31-39.
10.1016/j.coldregions.2004.05.001
43
ME (Ministry of Environment). 2012. Standard analytical methods for soil pollution. Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon, Korea (In Korean).
44
ME (Ministry of Environment). 2017. Soil environment conservation act. Ministry of Environment, Sejong, Korea (In Korean).
45
Meng, L., W. Ding, and Z. Cai. 2005. Long-term application of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on N2O emissions, soil quality and crop production in a sandy loam soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37:2037-2045.
10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.03.007
46
Miller, F.P. and M.K. Wali. 1995. Soils, land use and sustainable agriculture: a review. Canadian J. Soil Sci. 75:413-422.
10.4141/cjss95-061
47
Mulligan, C.N., R.N. Yong, and B.F. Gibbs. 2001. Remediation technologies for metal-contaminated soils and groundwater: an evaluation. Eng. Geol. 60:193-207.
10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00101-0
48
NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Science). 2010a. Fertilization standard on crops. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea (in Korean).
49
NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Science). 2010b. Methods of soil chemical analysis. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea (in Korean).
50
Neale, C.N., R.Y. Bricka, and A.C. Chao. 1997. Evaluating acids and chelating agents for removing heavy metals from contaminated soils. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy. 16(4):274-280.
10.1002/ep.3300160416
51
Oh, C.T., Y.M. Yi, Y.S. Kim, W.J. Jeon, G.J. Park, C.K. Kim, K.J. Sung, Y.Y. Chang, and G.J. Kim. 2012. Field applicability of low temperature thermal desorption equipment through environmental impact analysis of remediated soil and exhaust gas. J. Soil Groundw. Environ. 17(3):76-85 (In Korean).
10.7857/JSGE.2012.17.3.076
52
Oliver, M.A. 1997. Soil and human health: a review. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 48:573-592.
10.1046/j.1365-2389.1997.00124.x
53
Olson, B.M., H.H. Janzen, F.J. Larney, and L.J. Selinger. 1996. A propesed method for measuring the effect of soil quality on productivity. Agron. J. 88:497-500.
10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800030023x
54
Omil, B., V. Piñeiro, and A. Merino. 2013. Soil and tree responses to the application of wood ash containing charcoal in two soils with contrasting properties. For. Ecol. Manag. 295:199-212.
10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.024
55
Pal, S., A.K. Patra, S.K. Reza, W. Wildi, and J. Pote. 2010. Use of bio-resources for remediation of soil pollution. Nat. Resour. 1:110-125.
10.4236/nr.2010.12012
56
Raven, K.P. and L.R. Hossner. 1993. Phosphorus desorption quantity-intensity relationships in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:1501-1508.
10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700060018x
57
Rengasamy, P. 1983. Clay dispersion in relation to changes in the electrolyte composition of dialyzed red-brown earths. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 34:723-732.
10.1111/j.1365-2389.1983.tb01067.x
58
Rengasamy, P., R.S.B. Greene, and G.W. Ford. 1986. Influence of magnesium on aggregate stability in sodic red-brown soils. Aust. J. Soil Res. 24:229-237.
10.1071/SR9860229
59
Reynolds, C.M., M.D. Travis, W.A. Braley, and R.J. Scholze. 1994. Applying field-experiment bioreactors and landfarming in Alaskan climates, p. 100-106. In: R.E. Hinchee, B.C. Alleman, R.E. Hoeppel, and R.N. Miller (eds.). Hydrocarbon bioremediation. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
60
Salt, D.E., M. Blaylock, N. Kumar, V. Dushenkov, B.D. Ensley, I. Chet, and I. Raskin. 1995. Phytoremediation - a novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants. Biotechnology. 13:468-474.
10.1038/nbt0595-468
61
Sere, G., C. Schwartz, S. Ouvrard, C. Sauvage, J.-C. Renat, and J.L. Morel. 2008. Soil construction: a step for ecological reclamation of derelict lands. J. Soils Sediments. 8:130-136.
10.1065/jss2008.03.277
62
Sharma, K.L., U.K. Mandal, K. Srinivas, K.P.R. Vittal, B. Mandal, J.K. Grace, and V. Ramesh. 2005. Long-term soil management effects on crop yields and soil quality in a dryland Alfisol. Soil Tillage Res. 83:246-259.
10.1016/j.still.2004.08.002
63
Sombroek, W.G., F.O. Nachtergaele, and A. Hebel. 1993. Amounts, dynamics and sequestering of carbon in tropical and subtropical soils. Ambio. 22:417-426.
64
Stigliani, W.M., P. Doelman, W. Salomons, R. Schulin, R. Schulin, G.R.B. Smidt, and S.E.A.T.M. van der Zee. 1991. Chemical time bombs: predicting the unpredictable. Environment. 33(4):4-30.
10.1080/00139157.1991.9931383
65
Tilman, D., K.G. Cassman, P.A. Matson, R. Naylor, and S. Polasky. 2002. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature. 418:671-677.
10.1038/nature0101412167873
66
Tokunaga, S. and T. Hakuta. 2002. Acid washing and stabilization of an artificial arsenic-contaminated soil. Chemosphere. 46:31-38.
10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00094-7
67
Tsang, D.C.W., W. Zhang, and I.M.C. Lo. 2007. Copper extraction effectiveness and soil dissolution issues of EDTA-flushing of contaminated soils. Chemosphere. 68:234-243.
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.01.02217313968
68
Tyler, G. and T. Olsson. 2001. Concentrations of 60 elements in the soil solution as related to the soil acidity. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 52:151-165.
10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.t01-1-00360.x
69
van Hees, P.A.W., K. Elgh-Dalgren, M. Engwall, and T. von Kronhelm. 2008. Re-cycling of remediated soil in Sweden: an environmental advantage?. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 52:1349-1361.
10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.07.016
70
Varanasi, P., A. Fullana, and S. Sidhu. 2007. Remediation of PCB contaminated soils using iron nano-particles. Chemosphere. 66:1031-1038.
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.03616962632
71
Warkentin, B.P. 1995. The changing concept of soil quality. J. Soil Water Conserv. 50:226-258.
72
Wienhold, B.J., S.S. Andrews, and D.L. Karlen. 2004. Soil quality: a review of the science and experiences in the USA. Environ. Geochem. Health. 26:89-95.
10.1023/B:EGAH.0000039571.59640.3c15499764
73
Wingrov, T. 1997. Diesel contamination remediation at a remote site in a cold climate. Pract. Period. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste Manag. 1(1):30-34.
10.1061/(ASCE)1090-025X(1997)1:1(30)
74
Wymore, A.W. 1993. Model-based systems engineering. An introduction to the mathematical theory of discrete systems and to the tricotyledon theory of system design. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
75
Yi, Y.M., C.T. Oh, G.J. Kim, C.H. Lee, and K.J. Sung. 2012. Changes in the physicochemical properties of soil according to soil remediation methods. J. Soil Groundw. Environ. 17(4):36-43 (In Korean).
10.7857/JSGE.2012.17.4.036
76
Yoon, J.H., B.G. Jung, H.J. Jun, and H.K. Kwak. 2004. Soil quality assessment method of paddy and upland. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 37(6):357-364 (In Korean).
77
Young, I. and J. Crawford. 2004. Interactions and self-organisation in the soil-microbe complex. Science. 340:1634-1637.
10.1126/science.109739415192219
78
Yun, H.B., W.K. Park, S.M. Lee, S.C. Kim, and Y.B. Lee. 2009. Nitrogen uptake by Chinese cabbage and soil chemical properties as affected by successive application of chicken manure compost. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 28(1):9-14 (In Korean).
10.5338/KJEA.2009.28.1.009
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국토양비료학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국토양비료학회 학회지
  • Volume : 52
  • No :2
  • Pages :114-132
  • Received Date : 2019-04-15
  • Revised Date : 2019-05-16
  • Accepted Date : 2019-05-27
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2019.52.2.114
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
KJSSF Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close